Socio-economic correlates and management implications of livestock depredation by large carnivores in the Tarangire ecosystem, northern Tanzania

Mkonyi, Felix J.; Estes, Anna B.; Msuha, Maurus; Lichtenfeld, Laly L.; Durant, Sarah M.

doi:10.1080/21513732.2017.1339734

Cited by 41 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…We acknowledge that our study system is highly migratory (Lamprey, 1964) with strong seasonal migration of dominant prey species including wildebeest, zebra, and buffalo from protected areas to dispersal areas in communal land. Such seasonal variation in livestock depredation for both spotted hyenas as well as for lions was also recorded in a study by Kissui (2008) and by subsequent studies by Mponzi et al (2014), Koziarski et al (2016) and Mkonyi et al (2017). We have found that lions from Tarangire NP also exhibit seasonal shifts in their home ranges-with wet season ranges being bigger and extending into communal areas (Kissui, 2013).…”

Section: Temporal Patterns Of Livestock Depredationsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Thus, spotted hyenas appear to be much more capable of causing frequent depredation on livestock especially targeting goats and sheep, as recorded in previous studies in northern Tanzania (Kissui, 2008;Koziarski et al, 2016;Mkonyi et al, 2017;Mponzi, Lepczyk, & Kissui, 2014), in the Ethiopian highlands (Yirga et al, 2012), in Loitoktok, Kenya (Manoa & Mwaura, 2016) and in the Amboseli region, Kenya (Okello, Bonham, et al, 2014). Thus, spotted hyenas appear to be much more capable of causing frequent depredation on livestock especially targeting goats and sheep, as recorded in previous studies in northern Tanzania (Kissui, 2008;Koziarski et al, 2016;Mkonyi et al, 2017;Mponzi, Lepczyk, & Kissui, 2014), in the Ethiopian highlands (Yirga et al, 2012), in Loitoktok, Kenya (Manoa & Mwaura, 2016) and in the Amboseli region, Kenya (Okello, Bonham, et al, 2014).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Carnivore Raids In Bomas and Retaliatormentioning

confidence: 52%

“…When carnivores kill livestock, people frequently retaliate against carnivores perceived to be responsible for the losses (Barlow, Greenwood, Ahmad, & Smith, 2010;Kissui, 2008), thus threatening the persistence of carnivore populations (Patterson, Kasiki, Selempo, & Kays, 2004;Woodroffe & Ginsberg, 1998). At the same time, livestock depredation strongly affects the quality of peoples' livelihoods (Constant, Bell, & Hill, 2015;Eshete et al, 2017;Mkonyi, Estes, Msuha, Lichtenfeld, & Durant, 2017). Therefore, mitigating these conflicts is an essential carnivore conservation goal, particularly in human-dominated landscapes to promote human-carnivore coexistence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, livestock depredation strongly affects the quality of peoples' livelihoods (Constant, Bell, & Hill, 2015;Eshete et al, 2017;Mkonyi, Estes, Msuha, Lichtenfeld, & Durant, 2017). Coexistence between carnivores and humans is influenced by ecological, socioeconomic, and political variables (Eshete et al, 2017;Lute, Carter, Lόpez-Bao, & Linnell, 2018;Mkonyi et al, 2017). Coexistence between carnivores and humans is influenced by ecological, socioeconomic, and political variables (Eshete et al, 2017;Lute, Carter, Lόpez-Bao, & Linnell, 2018;Mkonyi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although interviews are commonly used techniques in studies of human-carnivore conflicts (e.g.,Kolowski & Holekamp, 2006;Koziarski et al, 2016;Mkonyi et al, 2017; VanBommel, Bij De Vaate, De Boer, & De Longh, 2007; Woodroffe, Frank, Lindsey, Ole Ranah, & Roman, 2007), this style of data collection can suffer from bias related to respondent's memory. Although interviews are commonly used techniques in studies of human-carnivore conflicts (e.g.,Kolowski & Holekamp, 2006;Koziarski et al, 2016;Mkonyi et al, 2017; VanBommel, Bij De Vaate, De Boer, & De Longh, 2007; Woodroffe, Frank, Lindsey, Ole Ranah, & Roman, 2007), this style of data collection can suffer from bias related to respondent's memory.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Patterns of livestock depredation and cost‐effectiveness of fortified livestock enclosures in northern Tanzania

Kissui

Kiffner

König

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Human–carnivore conflicts and retaliatory killings contribute to carnivore populations' declines around the world. Strategies to mitigate conflicts have been developed, but their efficacy is rarely assessed in a randomized case–control design. Further, the economic costs prevent the adoption and wide use of conflict mitigation strategies by pastoralists in rural Africa. We examined carnivore (African lion [Panthera leo], leopard [Panthera pardus], spotted hyena [Crocuta crocuta], jackal [Canis mesomelas], and cheetah [Acinonyx jubatus]) raids on fortified (n = 45, total 631 monthly visits) and unfortified (traditional, n = 45, total 521 monthly visits) livestock enclosures (“bomas”) in northern Tanzania. The study aimed to (a) assess the extent of retaliatory killings of major carnivore species due to livestock depredation, (b) describe the spatiotemporal characteristics of carnivore raids on livestock enclosures, (c) analyze whether spatial covariates influenced livestock depredation risk in livestock enclosures, and (d) examine the cost‐effectiveness of livestock enclosure fortification. Results suggest that (a) majority of boma raids by carnivores were caused by spotted hyenas (nearly 90% of all raids), but retaliatory killings mainly targeted lions, (b) carnivore raid attempts were rare at individual households (0.081 raid attempts/month in fortified enclosures and 0.102 raid attempts/month in unfortified enclosures), and (c) spotted hyena raid attempts increased in the wet season compared with the dry season, and owners of fortified bomas reported less hyena raid attempts than owners of unfortified bomas. Landscape and habitat variables tested, did not strongly drive the spatial patterns of spotted hyena raids in livestock bomas. Carnivore raids varied randomly both spatially (village to village) and temporally (year to year). The cost‐benefit analysis suggest that investing in boma fortification yielded positive net present values after two to three years. Thus, enclosure fortification is a cost‐effective strategy to promote coexistence of carnivores and humans.

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Section: Temporal Patterns Of Livestock Depredationsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Characteristics Of Carnivore Raids In Bomas and Retaliatormentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of livestock depredation and cost‐effectiveness of fortified livestock enclosures in northern Tanzania

Kissui

Kiffner

König

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Knowledge, attitude and practice of the local people towards human–carnivore coexistence in Faragosa–Fura Landscape, Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia

2022

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Local people knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) have played an important role in human-wildlife coexistence and have received increased attention in biodiversity conservation. However, studies on the KAP of local people towards human-carnivore coexistence (HCC) are scarce, species-specific or limited to the protected areas. Therefore, we investigated the local people KAP towards carnivore coexistence with humans, the problem of livestock and mitigation practices in a human-dominated landscape of southern Ethiopia. We collected the data from 352 households interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire and photographic sampling. The respondents mentioned 13 carnivores coexisting with local people belonging to six families. Eighty-five percent of the respondents perceived carnivores as problematic species and expressed a negative attitude towards them, primarily due to the damage they caused to their livestock. Respondents who had better knowledge of carnivores also showed a positive attitude towards carnivores. The cluster analysis showed that the spotted hyena, serval, leopard, common genet and black-backed jackal were grouped under a high-threat cluster. Chickens and goats were the most threatened livestock reported by respondents. The main predation control methods reported were guarding and fencing for larger livestock and keeping chickens indoors during the night. The regression models predicted that males and literate respondents had better knowledge of carnivores than females and illiterates. The respondents who owned more livestock experienced more damage to livestock, and females showed a negative attitude towards carnivores. Although the study area is the critical conservation value of the 13 carnivore species, livestock predation by carnivores, the local people's negative attitude towards carnivores and lethal predation control methods practiced by local people were affecting HCC in the area. The findings call for conservation actions such as conservation education to raise awareness and develop a positive attitude and non-lethal predation mitigation measures to promote HCC in consultation with the local community.

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Transcending the Boundaries of Conservation and Community Development to Achieve Long-Term Sustainability for People and Planet

Naro

Lichtenfeld

2021

Wildlife Biodiversity Conservation

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Socio-economic correlates and management implications of livestock depredation by large carnivores in the Tarangire ecosystem, northern Tanzania

Cited by 41 publications

References 45 publications

Patterns of livestock depredation and cost‐effectiveness of fortified livestock enclosures in northern Tanzania

Patterns of livestock depredation and cost‐effectiveness of fortified livestock enclosures in northern Tanzania

Knowledge, attitude and practice of the local people towards human–carnivore coexistence in Faragosa–Fura Landscape, Gamo Zone, southern Ethiopia

Transcending the Boundaries of Conservation and Community Development to Achieve Long-Term Sustainability for People and Planet

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