Socio-economic status and maternal BMI are associated with duration of breast-feeding of Norwegian infants

Abstract

Our results show that duration of breast-feeding varies with socio-economic status and maternal BMI in Norway. Targeting groups with low socio-economic status and mothers with overweight or obesity is important, as they are less likely to breast-feed according to recommendations.

Maternal Body Mass Index and Breastfeeding Non-Initiation and Cessation: A Quantitative Review of the Literature

“…The overall OR of being obese was significant (OR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.16-1.86) among 18 studies [71][72][73]75,80,85,[91][92][93]96,97,101,103,[109][110][111]113,117] but heterogeneity was substantial (I 2 = 93%, p for Q < 0.001,Tau 2 = 0.20). The subgroup analyses showed that the pooled risk among seven studies with a higher quality score [71,73,96,97,[101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111] (OR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.34-2.18; I 2 = 85%, p for Q < 0.001, Tau 2 = 0.06), and the risk among 16 studies with white ethnicity [71,73,75,80,85,[91][92][93]96,97,101,103,[109][110]…”

“…I 2 = 29%, p for Q = 0.440, Tau 2 < 0.01; data not shown), and white ethnicity (n = [70,81,82,84,102,110,111]; HR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09-1.29; I 2 = 14%, p for Q = 0.910, Tau 2 < 0.01; data n shown), confirming that overweight mothers had an increased risk of not continuing BF practic compared to normal weight mothers. On the other hand, the overall OR of being overweight on cessation was insignificant among 16 studies [69,[71][72][73][91][92][93]96,97,101,103,[109][110][111]116,117] w substantial heterogeneity (I 2 89%, p for Q <0.001, Tau 2 = 0.07). For studies that investigated obe mothers, overall HR was significant (HR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.22-1.69) among 10 stud [67,68,70,76,82,84,94,102,108,115] with substantial heterogeneity (I 2 68%, p for Q = 0.081, Tau 2 = 0.0 Such significance was also observed in the subgroup analyses including the six month assessment = 4 [67,82,94,102]; HR 1.66, 95% CI: 1.19-2.31; I 2 = 67%, p for Q = 0.102, Tau 2 = 0.08) and white ethnic (n = 7 [68,70,82,84,…”

“…Instead, eight studies [71,96,97,101,110,111,115,119] received seven/eight stars and were considered to have a medium risk of bias, and the remaining 49 studies were awarded six or fewer stars. For maternal BMI, the majority of the studies investigated BMI before pregnancy but seven studies [84,100,101,103,108,109,111] investigated postpartum BMI. In addition, most of the studies collected BMI information by self-reporting of mothers and the timing of BMI measurement was not always clearly described.…”

“…T overall OR of being obese was significant (OR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.16-1.86) among 18 studies [7 73,75,80,85,91-93,96,97,101,103,109-111,113,117] but heterogeneity was substantial (I 2 = 93%, p for < 0.001,Tau 2 = 0.20). The subgroup analyses showed that the pooled risk among seven studies with higher quality score [71,73,96,97,[101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111] Table 3 shows the pooled risk for ABF cessation with 95% CI, heterogeneity, and publication bias and Figure 3 shows a forest plot for ABF cessation according to BMI categories. For studies that investigated underweight mothers, both the overall HR of four studies [70,76,102,115] (1.28, 95% CI: 0.71-2.31; I 2 = 95%, p for Q = 0.024, Tau 2 = 0.32) and the OR of 10 studies [69,71,73,92,96,97,101,103,109,116] (0.91, 95% CI: 0.64-1.28; I 2 = 86%, p for Q = 0.002, Tau 2 = 0.19) were insignificant.…”

“…The subgroup analyses showed that the pooled risk among seven studies with higher quality score [71,73,96,97,[101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111] Table 3 shows the pooled risk for ABF cessation with 95% CI, heterogeneity, and publication bias and Figure 3 shows a forest plot for ABF cessation according to BMI categories. For studies that investigated underweight mothers, both the overall HR of four studies [70,76,102,115] (1.28, 95% CI: 0.71-2.31; I 2 = 95%, p for Q = 0.024, Tau 2 = 0.32) and the OR of 10 studies [69,71,73,92,96,97,101,103,109,116] (0.91, 95% CI: 0.64-1.28; I 2 = 86%, p for Q = 0.002, Tau 2 = 0.19) were insignificant. For studies that investigated overweight mothers, overall HR was significant (1.16, 95% CI: 1.07-1.25; I 2 = 23%, p for Q = 0.913, Tau 2 < 0.01) among 10 studies [67,70,76,81,82,84,102,110,111,115], indicating that overweight mothers had an increased risk of not continuing ABF compared to normal weight mothers.…”