Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence in Europe: a comprehensive review of population-based epidemiological studies

Mihor, Ana; Tomšič, Sonja; Žagar, Tina; Lokar, Katarina; Zadnik, Vesna

doi:10.2478/raon-2020-0008

Cited by 76 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 141 publications

(343 reference statements)

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“…In general, we observed increased cancer risk among the most deprived. This was particularly the case for lung and head and neck cancers, with the most pronounced associations for men, in which these cancers are also more frequent [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. A higher consumption of alcohol and tobacco among the most deprived groups may play a role but do not, according to literature, entirely explain the observed SE differences [ 2 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between colorectal cancer and SEP is not homogeneous between European countries. While engaging in high-risk behaviour may be expected in more deprived populations, greater participation in screening programs among the more affluent influences on colorectal cancer risk can be too [ 12 , 30 , 50 , 57 ]. Furthermore, household composition and poorer housing conditions were associated with advanced-stage rectal cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socio-Economic Position, Cancer Incidence and Stage at Diagnosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Belgium

Rosskamp¹,

Verbeeck²,

Gadeyne

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Background: Socio-economic position is associated with cancer incidence, but the direction and magnitude of this relationship differs across cancer types, geographical regions, and socio-economic parameters. In this nationwide cohort study, we evaluated the association between different individual-level socio-economic and -demographic factors, cancer incidence, and stage at diagnosis in Belgium. Methods: The 2001 census was linked to the nationwide Belgian Cancer Registry for cancer diagnoses between 2004 and 2013. Socio-economic parameters included education level, household composition, and housing conditions. Incidence rate ratios were assessed through Poisson regression models. Stage-specific analyses were conducted through logistic regression models. Results: Deprived groups showed higher risks for lung cancer and head and neck cancers, whereas an inverse relation was observed for malignant melanoma and female breast cancer. Typically, associations were more pronounced in men than in women. A lower socio-economic position was associated with reduced chances of being diagnosed with known or early stage at diagnosis; the strongest disparities were found for male lung cancer and female breast cancer. Conclusions: This study identified population groups at increased risk of cancer and unknown or advanced stage at diagnosis in Belgium. Further investigation is needed to build a comprehensive picture of socio-economic inequality in cancer incidence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Economic Position, Cancer Incidence and Stage at Diagnosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Belgium

Rosskamp¹,

Verbeeck²,

Gadeyne

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…Our results might have been affected by residual confounding. The incidence of thyroid cancer is higher in more affluent individuals 23 and in urban areas. We attempted to control for these potential sources of confounding by adjusting for average income and population size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to emissions from Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy) and incidence of thyroid cancer: a geographic analysis

Boffetta

Memeo

Giuffrida

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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An increased incidence of thyroid cancer has been reported in the area close to Mount Etna, the largest volcano in Europe located in Northeastern Sicily. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to the emissions from the volcano is associated with thyroid cancer in 186 municipalities from three provinces surrounding the volcano (1.9 million inhabitants). We measured the angle between the bearing of the municipalities and each direction, with special focus on South-East, the prevalent direction of the plume, and conducted a regression analysis on 2003–2016 incidence rates of thyroid cancer, adjusting for distance from Mount Etna, population size, and income. A 10-degree increase in the angle with South-East was associated with a decrease in thyroid cancer rates in the whole population (− 0.67 cases/100,000, p = 0.002) and in women (− 1.54/100,000, p < 0.001), and were robust to several sensitivity analyses. Similar results were obtained for East-South-East direction. These results support the hypothesis of a potential role of exposure to the plume from Mount Etna in determining the high rates of thyroid cancer. The results need to be confirmed in analytical studies, in which information of exposure to chemicals originating from the volcano, as well as other possible causes, should be carefully measured, molecular characteristics of the tumors and taken into account.

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“…There is a need for more research on childhood SES and adult cancer to improve prevention efforts and population health ( Vohra et al, 2016 ). Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Europe ( OECD, 2019 ), with substantial social inequalities in incidence ( Mihor, Tomsic, Zagar, Lokar, & Zadnik, 2020 ). Social factors can play a crucial role in cancer incidence as up to 40% of cancers may be attributed to lifestyle factors and environmental exposures ( Colditz & Wei, 2012 ; Parkin, Boyd, & Walker, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of welfare regimes in the relationship between childhood economic stress and adult health: a multilevel study of 20 European countries

Widding‐Havneraas

Pedersen

2020

SSM - Population Health

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Childhood economic conditions are important for adult health, and welfare regimes may modify this relationship by altering exposure to social determinants of health. We examine the association between childhood economic stress (CES) and self-rated health (SRH) and cancer (any type), and how welfare regimes may influence these associations. We used data from European Social Survey round 7. Our study is based on 30 024 individuals between 25 to 75 years from 20 European countries grouped into five welfare regimes (Scandinavian, Anglo-Saxon, Bismarckian, Southern and Eastern). Multilevel models were used to assess the association between CES and SRH/cancer, and interactions between CES and welfare regimes. CES increased the risk of poor SRH (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.29–1.54) and cancer (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02–1.37). Controlling for adult socioeconomic status slightly reduced risk for poor SRH, but not cancer. CES increased the probability of poor SRH in the Southern and Eastern regime, and the probability of cancer in the Anglo-Saxon regime, relative to the Scandinavian regime. Childhood economic stress increases the risk of poor self-rated health and cancer. More comprehensive welfare states mitigate these associations, which emphasizes the impact of welfare policies on long-term health outcomes of childhood economic conditions.

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Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence in Europe: a comprehensive review of population-based epidemiological studies

Cited by 76 publications

References 141 publications

Socio-Economic Position, Cancer Incidence and Stage at Diagnosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Belgium

Socio-Economic Position, Cancer Incidence and Stage at Diagnosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Belgium

Exposure to emissions from Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy) and incidence of thyroid cancer: a geographic analysis

The role of welfare regimes in the relationship between childhood economic stress and adult health: a multilevel study of 20 European countries

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