Sodium Hypochlorite is Effective against Biofilms in Dialysis Equipment

Osono, Eiichi; Honda, Kazumi; Inoue, Yuki; Ichimura, Kyouko; Kamano, Chisako; Akimoto, Toshio; Kawamoto, Shinya; Norose, Yoshihiko; Takaku, Shun; Morita, Rimpei

doi:10.4265/bio.26.1

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This might be explained by the fact that the mixing of the AA containing gel component with the NaOCl component of different concentrations was done by pipetting and not by the “two-connected-syringe” system and following less effective. A concentration-dependent effect of NaOCl solutions was reported in dialysis catheters with lower concentrated NaOCl (0.005–0.1%) and a treatment time of 30 min [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of sodium hypochlorite gel on bacteria associated with periodontal disease

Irani,

Jungbauer,

Sculean

et al. 2024

Clin Oral Invest

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Objectives An adjunct in non-surgical periodontal therapy might be sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)–based agents. The purpose of the present in vitro study was to get deeper knowledge on the influence of different parameters as time after mixing, pH, and chemical composition of an amino acid 0.475% NaOCl (AA-NaOCl) gel consisting of two components on its anti-biofilm activity. Materials and methods Six-species biofilms were cultured for 5 days, before AA-NaOCl gel was applied. In the different series, the influence of the time after mixing of the two components before application, of the concentration of NaOCl in the gel mixture, of the pH of the gel mixture, and of an exchange of the amino acid component by hyaluronic acid (HA), was analyzed. Results Mixing time point experiments showed that the AA-NaOCl gel is capable of statistically significantly reducing colony-forming unit (cfu) counts up to 30 min after mixing, but only up to 20 min after mixing the reduction was more than 2 log10 cfu. The pH experiments indicate that a reduced pH results in a reduced activity of the NaOCl formulation. NaOCl concentrations in the formulation in the range from 0.475 to 0.2% provide adequate activity on biofilms. A HA/NaOCl gel was equally active against the biofilm as the AA-NaOCl gel. Conclusion Mixing of the components should be made in a timeframe of 20 min before applications. An optimization of the composition of the NaOCl formulation might be possible and should be a topic in further in vitro studies. Clinical relevance The AA-NaOCl gel formulation can be mixed up to 20 min before application. Further, the study indicates that the composition of the NaOCl gel formulation can be optimized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There, an in situ biofilm was created in root canals; bacterial cell viability was determined by live-dead staining [ 35 ]. A study on dialysis equipment did not find a clear influence of pH (8.5–11) on anti-biofilm activity [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sodium hypochlorite gel on bacteria associated with periodontal disease

Irani,

Jungbauer,

Sculean

et al. 2024

Clin Oral Invest

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“…Biofilm cannot be eradicated because it resists both chemical and physical disinfection. However, daily cleaning and disinfection (Osono et al 2021) , in addition to decontamination conditions during procedures (Osono et al 2017) , effectively prevented exacerbation of the biofilm. Soon after the first flush, contamination levels decreased and diversity was lost.…”

Section: After Breakdown Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Five-year trends in bacterial contamination of dialysis equipment

OSONO,

HONDA,

INOUE

et al. 2023

Journal of Microorganism Control

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Bedside dialysis monitoring equipment for hemodialysis are located in the bioburden section upstream of the endotoxin-retentive filter for dialysis fluid sterilization. We observed 26 equipment at our institution for bacterial contamination at least once every 4 weeks for 5 years with another ultrafiltration membrane upstream to prevent bacterial contamination. Bacterial contamination levels were highest and most diverse at the time of the first flush. During subsequent initial cleanng, the contamination level decreased, and bacterial species converged almost exclusively to one genus, namely Methylobacterium spp. During clinical use, the equipment were cleaned and disinfected daily after dialysis, and daily operations and maintenance were performed using aseptic techniques. Although the frequency of bacterial detection decreased annually, the same bacterial genotypes observed at the first flush were isolated even after long time periods and were thought to persist in the equipment possibly by forming biofilm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was newly detected after the replacement of parts during breakdown maintenance, indicating the need to sterilize replacement parts. Thus, the bioburden should be assessed regularly as part of the management of in-house-produced dialysis fluid.

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“…Останнім часом все більше з'являється наукових повідомлень про використання електрохімічних методик в лікуванні гнійних ран у тварин. Найчастіше мова йде про оксигенвмісні препарати та гіпохлорит натрію (Abuhaimed & Abou Neel, 2017;Osono et al, 2021). Не піддаючи сумніву здатність останнього проявляти антисептичну дію, вважають, що безпечність цієї хімічної компоненти в токсикологічному плані (наявність чи відсутність як домішок хлоритів, хлорорганічних сполук, іонів перехідних метаболітів) не завжди ідеальна і залежить від технології утримання гіпохлоритів і зокрема -від типу електролізера (Kotsiumbas et al, 2009;Diab et al, 2013;Brezvyn et al, 2020).…”

Section: вступunclassified

Dynamics of individual biochemical parameters of blood of intact white mice under the action of the drug “Vitosept”

et al. 2022

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The active substance of the drug “Vitosept” is high-purity sodium hypochlorite (HPSH), obtained by the direct electrochemical reaction on a newly developed diaphragm-free flow cell, bypassing the formation of molecular chlorine. The developers (Altapharm, Dnipro) used an isotonic (0.9 %) sodium chloride solution prepared in water purified by special technology as the starting electrolyte. The study aimed to determine the effect of different concentrations of Vitosept on the dynamics of serum biochemical parameters of intact white mice. During our research, we found that intragastric administration of even the highest concentrations (500 mg/L) of the drug “Vitosept” did not cause the death of animals or visible signs of intoxication. According to the analysis of clinical manifestations, behavioral reactions, assessment of discomfort, reflex reactions, and the course of metabolic processes, the animals of the experimental groups did not differ from the analogs of the control group. Assessing the protein-synthesizing function of the liver, it was found that the total protein content in the serum of white mice depended on the concentrations of the studied hypochlorite-containing drug and the duration of its receipt. In the animals of the first, second, and third experimental groups during the whole period of the experiment (20 days), the level of total protein in the serum was close to that of the animals of the control group. In animals of groups R4 and R5, on the 10th day of the experiment with the highest applied concentrations of Vitosept (400 and 500 mg/L), the content of total protein in the serum of white mice probably decreased by 8.3 and 7.7 %. It is established that such reduction occurs against the background of changes in the fractional composition of proteins. In white mice of group R5 on the 10th day of the experiment revealed a decrease in blood glucose by 5.9 % (P < 0.05), urea – by 7.4 % (P < 0.05), creatinine – by 9.1 % (P < 0.05). The activity of alkaline phosphatase was 32.1 % (P < 0.05) and GGTP – 70 % (P < 0.05) higher than in the blood of animals of the control group. On the 20th day of the experiment, the level of the studied indicators decreased slightly compared to the similar ones on the 10th day. It was within the limit values, although in most cases, it still differed from the indicators of the animals of the control group. It is obvious that when too high concentrations of even a slightly toxic drug are received, the animal's body reacts with a compensatory-adaptive reaction to the arrival of a foreign substance. Thus, we state that the hypochlorite-containing drug “Vitosept” with the long-term intragastric intake of white mice did not cause hepato- and nephrotoxic effects and revealed some deviations in biochemical parameters in animals of the fourth and fifth groups, on the background of 400–500 mg/L, is most likely the result of adaptive-compensatory response to the intake of the test substance.

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Sodium Hypochlorite is Effective against Biofilms in Dialysis Equipment

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of sodium hypochlorite gel on bacteria associated with periodontal disease

Effect of sodium hypochlorite gel on bacteria associated with periodontal disease

Five-year trends in bacterial contamination of dialysis equipment

Dynamics of individual biochemical parameters of blood of intact white mice under the action of the drug “Vitosept”

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