Soft acrylate monomer-based optically clear adhesive for foldable electronics: Mechanical characterization and fractography analysis under large strain

Sadeghzade, Sorour; Cao, Jinrui; Zhang, Dingcong; Dong, Peng; Hu, Jiayi; Es'haghioskui, Abuzar; Yuan, Hongyan

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112337

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Therefore, conducting OCA tests requires careful consideration and control of these factors to ensure accurate results. Drawing from prior testing experience, numerous testing technologies have been embraced to enhance testing accuracy 33–35 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Large strain mechanical behaviors of optically clear adhesives for flexible electronic devices under different temperature, humidity, and strain rates

Cao,

Es'haghioskui,

Sadeghzade

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Optically clear adhesives (OCAs), a type of polymer pressure‐sensitive adhesive, are valued for their transparency, strong bonding, thermal stability, and reliability in flexible electronics. Accurately determining the mechanical properties of OCAs is importance for effectively assessing the structural integrity of foldable screens in finite element simulations. However, previous studies have primarily focused on small strain and conventional environmental conditions. To address this gap, the present study investigates the mechanical behaviors of OCAs under extreme conditions, including large strain (up to 1000%), high/low temperatures (−40, −20, 0, 25, 65, and 80°C), and high humidity (95% relative humidity). Specifically, the tensile, simple shear, and creep properties of OCAs have been assessed in an attempt to explore their visco‐hyperelastic behavior. The experimental findings indicate that OCA exhibits noticeable temperature sensitivity and viscoelasticity, along with volume‐incompressible properties. Notably, when the temperature is varied from −40 to 25°C and from 25 to 80°C, the modulus of OCA experiences an average reduction of 84% and 41% respectively. Moreover, it has been observed that humidity has a negligible effect on the material's modulus. The Yeoh model and Prony series are employed for fitting purposes. The proposed fitting parameters are subsequently validated through numerical simulations of three‐point bending case studies. Remarkably, the simulation results closely matched with the experimental data, with errors remaining below 10%.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drawing from prior testing experience, numerous testing technologies have been embraced to enhance testing accuracy. [33][34][35] The principal variables in the test encompass strain rate, temperature, environment, and others. We systematically conducted tests for the majority of possible combinations of these upstream variables.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large strain mechanical behaviors of optically clear adhesives for flexible electronic devices under different temperature, humidity, and strain rates

Cao,

Es'haghioskui,

Sadeghzade

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…For commonly used monomers in the market, such as hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), 22,23 acrylic acid (AA), 7,8 and acrylamide (ACM), 24 there is a conflict between low T g and high K a : low-T g monomers such as HEA and hydroxy butyl acrylate (HBA) have weak hydrogen bond strength, which hardly meet the mechanical and recovery requirements unless the cross-linking density is improved. 23 However, high-T g monomers such as acrylic acid and acrylamide with relatively high hydrogen bond strengths would increase the elastic modulus or incur phase separation during copolymerization and impair optical transmittance. For foldable display application, it is desirable to develop CVF with a high hydrogen bond strength for good recovery and low T g for wide-temperature application.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong hydrogen bonds (such as the quadruple hydrogen bond UPy ,,, ) can only be dissolved in a high-boiling-point solvent, which is not conducive to the preparation of pressure-sensitive adhesive materials. For commonly used monomers in the market, such as hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), , acrylic acid (AA), , and acrylamide (ACM), there is a conflict between low T g and high K a : low -T g monomers such as HEA and hydroxy butyl acrylate (HBA) have weak hydrogen bond strength, which hardly meet the mechanical and recovery requirements unless the cross-linking density is improved . However, high -T g monomers such as acrylic acid and acrylamide with relatively high hydrogen bond strengths would increase the elastic modulus or incur phase separation during copolymerization and impair optical transmittance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Novel (Meth)acrylates with Variable Hydrogen Bond Interaction and Their Application in a Clear Viscoelastic Film

Xiang,

Xia

2024

ACS Omega

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Clear viscoelastic films (CVFs) have many applications in the display industry. Acrylic monomers containing a hydrogen bond (H-monomer) are often used in the preparation of CVF to increase the cohesion and form favorable interactions with the display substrate. Common H-monomers face a counterbalance between the glass transition temperature (T g ) and the hydrogen-bonding association constant (K a ). Strong hydrogen bonding often leads to a high T g and high modulus, which are unfavorable in certain applications such as foldable display. To solve these problems, four types of hydrogen-bonding (meth)acrylic monomers (carbamate acrylate, carbamate methacrylate, urea acrylate, and urea methacrylate) with different K a and T g were readily synthesized. Among them, urea acrylates displayed the highest K a while still maintaining moderate T g . These H-monomers were copolymerized with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) and cross-linked to obtain a series of copolymers (H-copolymers) as pressure-sensitive adhesives. After the characterization of rheology, optics, and peel adhesion, urea-acrylic H-copolymers showed the best overall performance by combining great optical property (>98% in transmittance, < 1% in haze) and mechanical performance (8−12 N/25 mm in peel adhesion, 84−92% in creep recovery). This work provides a new path to prepare acrylic CVF for flexible display application.

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Recent advances in Organ-on-a-Chip models: How precision engineering integrates cutting edge technologies in fabrication and characterization

Sadeghzade,

Hooshiar,

Akbari

et al. 2024

Applied Materials Today

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Soft acrylate monomer-based optically clear adhesive for foldable electronics: Mechanical characterization and fractography analysis under large strain

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Large strain mechanical behaviors of optically clear adhesives for flexible electronic devices under different temperature, humidity, and strain rates

Large strain mechanical behaviors of optically clear adhesives for flexible electronic devices under different temperature, humidity, and strain rates

Synthesis of Novel (Meth)acrylates with Variable Hydrogen Bond Interaction and Their Application in a Clear Viscoelastic Film

Recent advances in Organ-on-a-Chip models: How precision engineering integrates cutting edge technologies in fabrication and characterization

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