Soft and Hard X-ray SASE Free Electron Lasers

Schreiber, S.

doi:10.1142/s1793626810000439

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…New schemes are discussed in the community and upgrade plans have been discussed at several facilities or are already in a concrete planning, approval and even construction stage. In addition, totally new concepts like energy recovery linac sources [284] are being discussed at various places, and X-ray free-electron lasers [285] have started operation. Reference [286] discusses the present synchrotron light sources and their limitations and gives an overview of the nextgeneration sources such as diffraction-limited light sources, energy-recovery linacs, and free-electron lasers.…”

Section: Instrumentation For Light Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beam Diagnostic Requirements: an Overview

Kube

2020

Preprint

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Beam diagnostics and instrumentation are an essential part of any kind of accelerator. There is a large variety of parameters to be measured for observation of particle beams with the precision required to tune, operate, and improve the machine. In the first part, the basic mechanisms of information transfer from the beam particles to the detector are described in order to derive suitable performance characteristics for the beam properties. However, depending on the type of accelerator, for the same parameter, the working principle of a monitor may strongly differ, and related to it also the requirements for accuracy. Therefore, in the second part, selected types of accelerators are described in order to illustrate specific diagnostics needs which must be taken into account before designing a related instrument.

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Section: Instrumentation For Light Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This leads to a density modulation (micro-bunching) in the bunch so that more and more electrons radiate in phase until saturation is reached. Further information about the theory of X-ray FELs can be found e.g., in textbooks [337,338] or in review articles [285,339,340].…”

Section: Free Electron Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beam Diagnostic Requirements: an Overview

Kube

2020

Preprint

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“…A brief description of FLASH and other soft and hard x-ray FELs can be found in recent reviews, for example, Refs. [40, 41], and others cited therein.…”

Section: Sase Felsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The free-electron laser FLASH

Schreiber

Faatz

2015

High Pow Laser Sci Eng

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FLASH at DESY, Hamburg, Germany is the first free-electron laser (FEL) operating in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray wavelength range. FLASH is a user facility providing femtosecond short pulses with an unprecedented peak and average brilliance, opening new scientific opportunities in many disciplines. The first call for user experiments has been launched in 2005. The FLASH linear accelerator is based on TESLA superconducting technology, providing several thousands of photon pulses per second to user experiments. Probing femtosecond-scale dynamics in atomic and molecular reactions using, for instance, a combination of x-ray and optical pulses in a pump and probe arrangement, as well as single-shot diffraction imaging of biological objects and molecules, are typical experiments performed at the facility. We give an overview of the FLASH facility, and describe the basic principles of the accelerator. Recently, FLASH has been extended by a second undulator beamline (FLASH2) operated in parallel to the first beamline, extending the capacity of the facility by a factor of two.

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“…Most FELs work in the so-called self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) regime (Kondratenko & Saldin, 1980;Bonifacio et al, 1984;Schreiber, 2010). In order to characterize the emittance in a FEL, the normalized emittance of equation 20is used.…”

Section: Free-electron Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of future light sources to explore the structure and function of matter

Weckert

2015

IUCrJ

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Structural studies in general, and crystallography in particular, have benefited and still do benefit dramatically from the use of synchrotron radiation. Lowemittance storage rings of the third generation provide focused beams down to the micrometre range that are sufficiently intense for the investigation of weakly scattering crystals down to the size of several micrometres. Even though the coherent fraction of these sources is below 1%, a number of new imaging techniques have been developed to exploit the partially coherent radiation. However, many techniques in nanoscience are limited by this rather small coherent fraction. On the one hand, this restriction limits the ability to study the structure and dynamics of non-crystalline materials by methods that depend on the coherence properties of the beam, like coherent diffractive imaging and X-ray correlation spectroscopy. On the other hand, the flux in an ultra-small diffraction-limited focus is limited as well for the same reason. Meanwhile, new storage rings with more advanced lattice designs are under construction or under consideration, which will have significantly smaller emittances. These sources are targeted towards the diffraction limit in the X-ray regime and will provide roughly one to two orders of magnitude higher spectral brightness and coherence. They will be especially suited to experiments exploiting the coherence properties of the beams and to ultra-small focal spot sizes in the regime of several nanometres. Although the length of individual X-ray pulses at a storage-ring source is of the order of 100 ps, which is sufficiently short to track structural changes of larger groups, faster processes as they occur during vision or photosynthesis, for example, are not accessible in all details under these conditions. Linear accelerator (linac) driven free-electron laser (FEL) sources with extremely short and intense pulses of very high coherence circumvent some of the limitations of present-day storage-ring sources. It has been demonstrated that their individual pulses are short enough to outrun radiation damage for single-pulse exposures. These ultra-short pulses also enable time-resolved studies 1000 times faster than at standard storage-ring sources. Developments are ongoing at various places for a totally new type of X-ray source combining a linac with a storage ring. These energy-recovery linacs promise to provide pulses almost as short as a FEL, with brilliances and multi-user capabilities comparable with a diffraction-limited storage ring. Altogether, these new X-ray source developments will provide smaller and more intense X-ray beams with a considerably higher coherent fraction, enabling a broad spectrum of new techniques for studying the structure of crystalline and non-crystalline states of matter at atomic length scales. In addition, the short X-ray pulses of FELs will enable the study of fast atomic dynamics and non-equilibrium states of matter.

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Soft and Hard X-ray SASE Free Electron Lasers

Cited by 5 publications

References 68 publications

Beam Diagnostic Requirements: an Overview

Beam Diagnostic Requirements: an Overview

The free-electron laser FLASH

The potential of future light sources to explore the structure and function of matter

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