Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission: Soil Respiration Measurement in Temperate Grassland, Nepal

Soil Respiration Variations in Temperate Rhododendron (Rhododendronarboreum) Forest of Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) in Nepal

“…However, the open grassland of the same region has observed the visible linear relation with de ned PPFD effect on SR variation at 37.6% in October. The minimum (2.7 µ mol m −2 s −1 in 2016 and 1.3 µ mol m −2 s −1 in 2017) and maximum (96.2 µ mol m −2 s −1 in 2016 and 761.0 µ mol m −2 s −1 in 2017) PPFD values of PPFD of this study were comparably lower than the PPFD (51.68 and 1526.0 µ mol m −2 s −1 ) obtained in the nearby grassland (Dhital et al 2019). However, not only the ecologically adopted environmental parameters but the land use is also considered as one of the major factors affecting soil carbon emissions via SR (Li et al, 2013).…”

“…The temporal and diurnal variations in SR of this natural R. arboreum forest were very noticeable (Figure 5). The maximum values of SR (306.3 mg CO 2 m −2 h −1 in 2016 and 348.9 mg CO 2 m −2 h −1 in 2017) of this forest were recorded during afternoon from 11:00 am to 1:00 pm and the evening from 3:00 pm to 5:00 pm that was much consistent to the nearby temperate grassland of the region (Dhital et al 2019). However, the values of maximum SR of this forest were much less than (963.42 mg CO 2 m −2 h −1 in October 2015 and 1132.6 mg CO 2 m −2 h −1 in April 2016) that of the grassland site.…”

“…Higher range of the SWC (27-40.6% in 2016, 22.3-44.8% in 2017) was noticed in both years during the entire measurements period which was not harmonized to the SR variations that might be the cause of undetectable relationship between the SR and SWC. The higher range of SWC measured in a single month of a season was owed to the effect of monsoon (June-September) and post monsoon (October-November) rain which was the common phenomenon of this region which was also observed in the nearby grassland (23.3-59.6% and 15.6-42.2%) of the same region (Dhital et al 2019). The nature of unpredictable and uctuated climate of this region with having instant and short period of seasonal rain is the reason for lower and higher SWC before and after rain events.…”

“…The temperate regions of Hiamalaya are subsidized as the most fragile and prioritized regions recognizing their vulnerability due to natural factors such as increasing levels of atmospheric CO 2 , continuous warming by climatic change, and posing of pressure over the resources through anthropogenic activities. Only measurable researches are being approached limiting the restricted boundaries to focus on the soil C emission and its in uencing parameters (Dhital et al 2019). The research initiation is most urgent to understand the C cycle in the forests of temperate region that contribute the considerable C addition to the global C budget and play a signi cant role (Heath et al 1993;Martin et al 2001).…”

Carbon Stock and Respiration of Rhizosphere Soils of Sal (Shorea Robusta Roxb. Ex. Gaertn. F.) In Relation To Some Environmental Variables of Different Sal Forest Stands of Bangladesh

“…In Rangpur at Mithapukur Ecopark the mean amount of moisture content, pH, conductivity, OM, SOC and soil respiration were found to 33.54, 5.98 ± 0.07, 78.44 ± 4.51 µs/cm, 0.42%, 348.84 ± 33.74 ton/ha and 82.13 ± 0.46 mg CO 2 /g soil, respectively (Table 2). In Nepal, Dhital et al (2019) reported that soil respiration averaged value was 357 mg CO 2 m -2 /h in October 2015, and in April 2016 it was 444.6 mg CO 2 m -2 /h. In Iran, Bakhshandeh et al (2019) found 206.71 ± 34.44 to 730.84 ± 81.69 mg CO 2 -C/kg soil of cumulative respiration (CumR) in 1, 2, 4, 28 days.…”