Soil carbon dynamics in wheat plots established on grassland in 1911 as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers

Impacts of annual and perennial pasture management on soil organic carbon (SOC) and equivalent SOC stocks (equal soil mass basis) were investigated in two trials [(CAESA (1994 to 1997) and BMP (2008 to 2012) trials] conducted on the same experimental paddocks at Lacombe, Alberta. The original site was broken from perennial grass in 1992 and the CAESA trial established in 1993. Between 1994 and 1997, half of the paddocks included winter triticale and a mixture of triticale and spring barley; half included smooth and meadow bromegrass; and each paddock was light, medium, or heavily grazed. The BMP trial (2008 to 2012) on the same paddocks included fertilized, direct seeded barley as silage; grazing and haying of unfertilized meadow bromegrass, fertilized meadow bromegrass, and meadow bromegrass and alfalfa mixture; and unfertilized oldgrass that was continuous since 1994. Between trials (1998 to 2007) all paddocks received no fertilizer. In the 0-15 cm depth SOC under oldgrass was constant between 1994 and 2012 and averaged 88 Mg C ha-1. Under barley silage SOC decreased from 89 to 72 Mg C ha-1 by 2012. Between 1994 and 2012 SOC decreased in all treatments re-established on original annual forage (1994 to 1998) but not to the level of barley silage. Light fraction carbon (LFC) was highest under oldgrass and lowest under barley silage. Overall, oldgrass with no fertilizer inputs maintained a constant SOC, although annuals reduced SOC stocks. Re-establishment of perennial grass with grazing may therefore reduce SOC loss whereas haying perennial grass may not.

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Prairie Agroecosystems: Interconnected Microbiomes of Livestock, Soil and Insects

Liu

Floate

Gorzelak

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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Agroecosystems are comprised of environmental compartments where associated microbial communities interact with one another. These microbial communities, called microbiomes, inhabit livestock, insects, and plants. Microbiomes are also present in the soil and watersheds. Clarifying the nature and extent of microbial interactions between compartments both at intra-farm and global scales can promote sustainable production systems, healthier animals, increased crop yields, and safer meat products. Early research on microbiomes was hindered by a lack of expertise and the high cost of molecular sequencing. However, these limitations have been largely resolved with advances in and reduced costs of sequencing technologies. In this paper, we summarize sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, and review the crucial roles of diverse microbiomes in livestock, plants and soil, as well as pollinators and pest insects. These crucial roles include nutrient cycling, nutrient acquisition, metabolism of toxins and enhanced host immune function. Additionally, we examine potentially undesirable effects of microbiomes associated with climate change and agri-food production such as their role in the release of greenhouse gases from cattle and their impact on meat safety and spoilage. By increasing the awareness of microbiomes and the growing ease with which they can be studied, we hope to foster a greater adoption of microbiome research. Further understanding of the diverse effects and interactions of microbiomes will advance our efforts to increase agricultural production while reducing its negative environmental footprint, thus making the agroecosystems more sustainable.

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Soil carbon dynamics in wheat plots established on grassland in 1911 as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

The core soil bacterial genera and enzyme activities in incubated soils from century-old wheat rotations

The core soil bacterial genera and enzyme activities in incubated soils from century-old wheat rotations

Management impacts on organic carbon under continuous perennial grass, perennial grass-legume mixture, and annual cereals on a thick Black Chernozemic soil

Prairie Agroecosystems: Interconnected Microbiomes of Livestock, Soil and Insects

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