Soil, climate, and variety impact on quantity and quality of maize root mucilage exudation

Nazari, Meisam; Bilyera, Nataliya; Banfield, Callum C.; Mason-Jones, Kyle; Zarebanadkouki, Mohsen; Munene, Rosepiah; Dippold, Michaela A.

doi:10.1007/s11104-022-05669-x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The DH02 variety exhibited a higher mucilage secretion rate compared to the Kentos variety (Fig. 2a), consistent with findings from previous field and pot experiments (Nazari et al 2020(Nazari et al , 2023. A drought-tolerant barley variety secreted larger quantities of mucilage from its roots than a droughtsusceptible one (Carter et al 2019).…”

Section: Mucilage Secretion Rates Differ Between the Maize Varietiessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…We speculate that the breeding of Keops in soils characterized by high microbial activity might have led to its elevated mucilage secretion rate. Similarly, previous research has demonstrated that maize varieties cultivated in a soil with high microbial activity exhibited higher mucilage secretion rates compared to the same varieties grown in a soil with lower microbial activity (Nazari et al 2023).…”

Section: Mucilage Secretion Rates Differ Between the Maize Varietiessupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The soil had an organic carbon (C) content of 1.77%, total N content of 0.19%, and microbial biomass C of 490 μg g -1 . It exhibited a waterholding capacity of 63% and a pH of 6.4 (Nazari et al 2023).…”

Section: Soil and Plant Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root mucilage nitrogen for rhizosphere microorganisms under drought

Nazari,

Bickel,

Kuzyakov

et al. 2024

Biol Fertil Soils

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Nitrogen (N) is a crucial nutrient for the growth and activity of rhizosphere microorganisms, particularly during drought conditions. Plant root-secreted mucilage contains N that could potentially nourish rhizosphere microbial communities. However, there remains a significant gap in understanding mucilage N content, its source, and its utilization by microorganisms under drought stress. In this study, we investigated the impact of four maize varieties (DH02 and DH04 from Kenya, and Kentos and Keops from Germany) on the secretion rates of mucilage from aerial roots and explored the origin of mucilage N supporting microbial life in the rhizosphere. We found that DH02 exhibited a 96% higher mucilage secretion rate compared to Kentos, while Keops showed 114% and 89% higher secretion rates compared to Kentos and DH04, respectively. On average, the four maize varieties released 4 μg N per root tip per day, representing 2% of total mucilage secretion. Notably, the natural abundance of 15N isotopes increased (higher δ15N signature) with mucilage N release. This indicates a potential dilution of the isotopic signal from biological fixation of atmospheric N by mucilage-inhabiting bacteria as mucilage secretion rates increase. We proposed a model linking mucilage secretion to a mixture of isotopic signatures and estimated that biological N fixation may contribute to 45 - 75% of mucilage N per root tip. The N content of mucilage from a single maize root tip can support a bacterial population ranging from 107 to 1010 cells per day. In conclusion, mucilage serves as a significant N-rich resource for microbial communities in the rhizosphere during drought conditions.

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Section: Mucilage Secretion Rates Differ Between the Maize Varietiessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Mucilage Secretion Rates Differ Between the Maize Varietiessupporting

confidence: 55%

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Root mucilage nitrogen for rhizosphere microorganisms under drought

Nazari,

Bickel,

Kuzyakov

et al. 2024

Biol Fertil Soils

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“…Several characteristics of root exudates undergo changes during drought. For example, drought-resistant maize ( Zea mays ) varieties exuded 58.2% more mucilage compared to drought-susceptible varieties ( Nazari et al., 2023 ), and the role of mucilage has been linked to enhanced hydrologic conductance at the root-soil interface ( Ahmed et al., 2014 ). The amino acid proline, an osmotic regulator, is known to accumulate in root exudates under drought in citrus ( Citrus sp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive drought alters the root exudate metabolome and differentially activates metabolic pathways in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Lin,

Coker,

Howe

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Root exudates comprise various primary and secondary metabolites that are responsive to plant stressors, including drought. As increasing drought episodes are predicted with climate change, identifying shifts in the metabolome profile of drought-induced root exudation is necessary to understand the molecular interactions that govern the relationships between plants, microbiomes, and the environment, which will ultimately aid in developing strategies for sustainable agriculture management. This study utilized an aeroponic system to simulate progressive drought and recovery while non-destructively collecting cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) root exudates. The molecular composition of the collected root exudates was characterized by untargeted metabolomics using Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and mapped to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Over 700 unique drought-induced metabolites were identified throughout the water-deficit phase. Potential KEGG pathways and KEGG modules associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoid compounds, plant hormones (abscisic acid and jasmonic acid), and other secondary metabolites were highly induced under severe drought, but not at the wilting point. Additionally, the associated precursors of these metabolites, such as amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine), phenylpropanoids, and carotenoids, were also mapped. The potential biochemical transformations were further calculated using the data generated by FT-ICR MS. Under severe drought stress, the highest number of potential biochemical transformations, including methylation, ethyl addition, and oxidation/hydroxylation, were identified, many of which are known reactions in some of the mapped pathways. With the application of FT-ICR MS, we revealed the dynamics of drought-induced secondary metabolites in root exudates in response to drought, providing valuable information for drought-tolerance strategies in cotton.

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Rhizosphere hydraulic regulation in maize: tailoring rhizosphere properties to varying soil textures and moistures

Adamczewski,

Kaestner,

Zarebanadkouki

2024

Plant Soil

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Aims Motivated by recent studies highlighting the active role of plants in influencing the hydraulic properties of the rhizosphere through mucilage exudation, this study explored the effect of plant rhizosphere regulation on the emergent hydraulic properties of the rhizosphere under varying soil texture and moisture levels. Methods Maize (Zea mays) plants were cultivated in sand and loam soils exposed to varying moisture levels. Neutron radiography was employed to quantify the profile of water content ($${\theta }_{r})$$ θ r ) around lateral and crown roots. The $${\theta }_{r}$$ θ r were used to derive rhizosphere hydraulic indices such as rhizosphere extension ($${d}_{rh}$$ d rh ), water content at the root-soil interface ($${\theta }_{rs}$$ θ rs ), and water content in the rhizosphere ($${\theta }_{rh}$$ θ rh ). The latter two attributes were normalized by the respective bulk soil water contents ($${\theta }_{rs}^{*}$$ θ rs ∗ , $${\theta }_{rh}^{*}$$ θ rh ∗ ). Results Results showed a higher $${\theta }_{rs}^{*}$$ θ rs ∗ , $${\theta }_{rh}^{*}$$ θ rh ∗ and $${d}_{rh}$$ d rh in coarse-textured soil versus fine-textured soil. This indicates a more pronounced rhizosphere development in sand compared to loam, possibly via mucilage exudation to maintain better root-soil contact. In contrast, soil water content did not impact the rhizosphere properties of crown roots but impacted the rhizosphere properties of lateral roots. The derived rhizosphere water retention curves revealed a higher water-holding capacity of the rhizosphere in both soils compared to bulk soil. Conclusions Our study underscores that soil-grown maize plants dynamically adjust the hydraulic properties of their rhizosphere in response to external factors, primarily aiming to optimize root-soil contact. That leads to a more pronounced rhizosphere in coarser textures, interacting with the soil moisture.

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Soil, climate, and variety impact on quantity and quality of maize root mucilage exudation

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Root mucilage nitrogen for rhizosphere microorganisms under drought

Root mucilage nitrogen for rhizosphere microorganisms under drought

Progressive drought alters the root exudate metabolome and differentially activates metabolic pathways in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Rhizosphere hydraulic regulation in maize: tailoring rhizosphere properties to varying soil textures and moistures

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