Soil Compaction from Harvesting and Site Preparation in the Upper Gulf Coastal Plain

Gent, J. A.; Morris, Lawrence A.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000020038x

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…44 54 45 52 ------------3801 b 40 55 71 60 ------------3802 b 25 35 67 42 ----------- 18% and from 3 to 9% for the surface and subsurface soils, respectively. These observed bulk density and aeration porosity values are typical of postharvest conditions in the Piedmont (Gent et al, 1984), Lower Coastal Plain (Gent et al, 1983) and Upper Gulf Coastal Plain physiographic provences (Gent and Morris, 1986).…”

Section: Initial Soil Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Growth and survival of Pinus taeda in response to surface and subsurface tillage in the southeastern United States

Carlson

Fox

Colbert

et al. 2006

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Initial Soil Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Growth and survival of Pinus taeda in response to surface and subsurface tillage in the southeastern United States

Carlson

Fox

Colbert

et al. 2006

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…For personal use only. DISCUSSION Optimal conditions for soil compaction occur at water contents near field capacity (Akram and Kemper 1979;Soane et al 1981;Gent and Morris 1986), while trafficking may have less effect on drier soils (Greene and Stuart 1985). At the sites that were skidded at soil water potentials below ≈ -15 kPa, bulk density did not increase, and HC and IR did not decrease significantly (Tables 1, 3, 4 and 5), which suggests that trafficking at soil water contents below field capacity by skidders, equipped with wide tires, causes no significant modification to the soil pore space.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of skidding on forest soil infiltration in west-central Alberta

Startsev¹,

McNabb²

2000

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2000. Effects of skidding on forest soil infiltration in west-central Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 80: 617-624. Soil compaction during forest harvesting generally reduces macropore space, which reduces infiltration and increases the potential for surface erosion and waterlogging. Hydrological effects of 3, 7 and 12 skidding cycles and their persistence were evaluated for 3 yr at 14 sites, which represented a range of soil texture and compaction conditions in the foothills and boreal forests of Alberta. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (HC) was determined using a constant head method on soil cores collected from 5-and 10-cm depths; unconfined infiltration rate of the surface soil (IR) was measured in situ with tension infiltrometers at near saturation. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in bulk density during skidding caused a significant reduction in both HC and IR after the first three cycles at eight sites where soil water potential at the time of skidding was higher than -15 kPa; the decrease at the other sites was not significant. Additional traffic, up to 12 cycles, did not cause a further significant decrease in HC or IR. The infiltration rate of soil compacted by three skidding cycles showed a recovery trend. However, in more intensively trafficked soils, compaction effects on infiltration remained significant for at least 3 yr, which was possibly attributed to heavy snowpacks preventing soil freezing at lower depths.

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“…In untrafficked forest soils, BD and PR are typically low and TP is high in the surface horizons due to large amounts of organic matter; as the organic matter content decreases with soil depth, BD and PR increase and TP decreases (Gent & Morris 1986, Eliasson & Wasterlund 2007 in the upper soil, while fine soil texture, gravel content and soil structure may increase BD and PR and lower TP at lower soil depths (Greacen & Sands 1980, Ampoorter et al 2010, Picchio et al 2012. The pore volume of a medium-to fine-textured soil consists mainly of meso-and micropores that easily hold water against gravitational forces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of slope on physical soil disturbance due to farm tractor forwarding in a Hyrcanian forest of northern Iran

Jourgholami¹,

Soltanpour²,

Abari³

et al. 2014

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionThe entry of forestry machineries into forest has resulted in some cases in levels of soil disturbance that may have adverse effects on forest ecosystems and subsequently on long-term tree growth (Miller & Anderson 2002, Landsberg et al. 2003, Ilstedta et al. 2004, Murphy et al. 2004. Numerous studies have documented changes in physical soil properties following harvesting machine traffic, such as increased soil compaction, soil displacement, rutting and soil profile disturbances (Adams & Froehlich 1984, Wronski & Murphy 1994, Rab 1996, Rohand et al. 2004, Eliasson 2005, Susnjar et al. 2006, Eliasson & Wasterlund 2007, Horn et al. 2007, Wang et al. 2007, Zenner et al. 2007, Ampoorter et al. 2010, 2012, Picchio et al. 2012. For instance, soil compaction, in which soil pores (especially macropores) are destroyed and surface aggregates are broken down (Ampoorter et al. 2010), depend on the soil texture and moisture at the time of harvest (McNabb et al. 2001, Bock & Van Rees 2002, but also on the number of machines passing on a specific point. Generally, soil compaction occurs in the first ten passes of a vehicle, but most of the compaction occurs in the first three trips; subsequent passes generally have little additional effect (Gayoso & Iroume 1991, Eliasson 2005, Eliasson & Wasterlund 2007, Ampoorter et al. 2010. So it would be appropriate to concentrate machine traffic on carefully designed skid trails in such a way to minimize the affected area and leave most trees undisturbed (Zenner & Berger 2008, Ampoorter et al. 2010.It is unclear, however, to what extent the slope gradient (i.e., longitudinal and transversal slope) of the skid trail and the direction of machine traffic (i.e., uphill vs. downhill) could modify the impacts of vehicle traffic on the soil. Whereas some studies have failed to document an effect of slope on bulk density following harvesting traffic (e.g., Sidle & Drlica 1981, Jamshidi et al. 2008, others have shown that soil disturbances increase with slope gradient (Ezzati et al. 2012), possibly because machines slip more and remain in a given place for a longer time on steep terrain, causing soil pulling and dragging (Gayoso & Iroume 1991). Thus, steepness may have an even stronger effect on soil disturbance than that of the soil moisture (Krag et al. 1986), but possibly less so than that of the traffic intensity (Ezzati et al. 2012).Soil disturbance is also strongly affected by the type of harvesting equipment used. Small-scale harvesting technology, such as farm tractors or better small skidder or other specific machines (such as ATV), is thought to result in lower levels of residual stand and soil damage because the equipment is typically smaller and lighter than regular skidders (Updegraff & Blinn 2000, Savelli et al. 2010, Spinelli & Magagnotti 2012. A recent study dealing with soil compaction has found that the highest relative increase in bulk density was associated with the use of bulldozers, the lowest with the use of a forwarder, a...

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Soil Compaction from Harvesting and Site Preparation in the Upper Gulf Coastal Plain

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Growth and survival of Pinus taeda in response to surface and subsurface tillage in the southeastern United States

Growth and survival of Pinus taeda in response to surface and subsurface tillage in the southeastern United States

Effects of skidding on forest soil infiltration in west-central Alberta

Influence of slope on physical soil disturbance due to farm tractor forwarding in a Hyrcanian forest of northern Iran

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