Soil conditions during cultivation affect the total phenolic and flavonoid content of rosemary

Abstract

In this study, the effects of soil conditions on antioxidant activities of the aerial and underground parts of rosemary were assessed to determine the most effective soil conditions for cultivation. The antioxidant activity was the highest (51.58±2.93 µg/mL) when cultivated in the mixture of gardening soil and vermiculite using DPPH assay. The antioxidant activity of underground parts the highest (127.48±12.38 µg/mL) when cultivated in the mixture of soil, vermiculite, and perlite. ABTS assay showed that the antioxidant activity of aerial parts was 230.34±57.93 µg•mL −1 when cultivated in the mixture of gardening soil and vermiculite and that of underground parts was 320.98±16.04 µg•mL −1 when cultivated in the mixture of gardening soil, vermiculite, and perlite. The total phenolic content of aerial parts was the highest (155.25±2.96 mg GAE/g) when cultivated in the mixture of gardening soil. The total flavonoid content of aerial parts was the highest (67.32±5.27 mg QE/g) when cultivated in the mixture of gardening soil. Therefore, the mixture of gardening soil, vermiculite, and perlite is superior to gardening soil alone for cultivation of rosemary to increase its antioxidant activity as well as total phenolic and flavonoid content.

Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Methanolic Seed Extracts of International Sorghum bicolor L. Resources

“…However, the bran extract maintained a survival rate above 90% at concentrations up to 200 µg/mL [21]. Another study that applied sorghum seed extract at 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL to RAW 264.7 cells found that treatment with 100 µg/mL of extract resulted in cell viability exceeding 89.28 ± 15.30%, indicating robust cell vitality across all tested seed extracts [22]. Our results showed a 70-80% cell survival rate at a lower concentration than those reported, which may be due to differences in the type of extraction solvent and extraction method.…”