Soil contamination with 90Sr in the near zone of the Chernobyl accident

Kashparov, V.; Lundin, S.M.; Khomutinin, Yu.V.; Kaminsky, Simon.; Levchuk, S.; Protsak, Valentyn; Kadygrib, A.M; Zvarich, S.I.; Yoschenko, Vasyl; Tschiersch, J.

doi:10.1016/s0265-931x(00)00207-1

Cited by 74 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Fission products were effectively sequestered-e.g., little downward transport in soil profiles and little biological uptake-until dissolution of the fuel particles occurred and the fission products were released (Petryaev et al, 1991;Konoplev et al, 1992;Baryakhtar, 1995;Konoplev and Bulgakov, 1999). Thus, fuel particle dissolution kinetics controlled the release of fission products to the environment (Kruglov et al, 1994;Kashparov et al, 1999;Uchida et al, 1999;Sokolik et al, 2001;Kashparov et al, 2001). …”

Section: Fission Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Geochemistry of Radioactive Contamination

Siegel

Bryan

2003

Treatise on Geochemistry

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This report attempts to describe the geochemical foundations of the behavior of radionuclides in the environment. The information is obtained and applied in three interacting spheres of inquiry and analysis: 1) experimental studies and theoretical calculations, 2) field studies of contaminated and natural analog sites and 3) model predictions of radionuclide behavior in remediation and waste disposal. Analyses of the risks from radioactive contamination require estimation of the rates of release and dispersion of the radionuclides through potential exposure pathways. These processes are controlled by solubility, speciation, sorption, and colloidal transport, which are strong functions of the compositions of the groundwater and geomedia as well as the atomic structure of the radionuclides.The chemistry of the fission products is relatively simple compared to the actinides. Because of their relatively short half-lives, fission products account for a large fraction of the radioactivity in nuclear waste for the first several hundred years but do not represent a long-term hazard in the environment. The chemistry of the longer-lived actinides is complex; however, some trends in their behavior can be described. Actinide elements of a given oxidation state have either similar or systematically varying chemical properties due to similarities in ionic size, coordination number, valence, and electron structure. In dilute aqueous systems at neutral to basic pH, the dominant actinide species are hydroxy-and carbonato-complexes, and the solubility-limiting solid phases are commonly oxides, hydroxides or carbonates. In general, actinide sorption will decrease in the presence of ligands that complex with the radionuclide; sorption of the (IV) species of actinides (Np, Pu, U) is generally greater than of the (V) species.The geochemistry of key radionuclides in three different environments is described in this report. These include: 1) low ionic strength reducing waters from crystalline rocks at nuclear waste research 4 sites in Sweden; 2) oxic water from the J-13 well at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the site of a proposed repository for high level nuclear waste (HLW) in tuffaceous rocks; and 3) reference brines associated with the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). The transport behaviors of radionuclides associated with the Chernobyl reactor accident and the Oklo Natural Reactor are described. These examples span wide temporal and spatial scales and include the rapid geochemical and physical processes important to nuclear reactor accidents or industrial discharges as well as the slower processes important to the geologic disposal of nuclear waste.Application of geochemical information to remediating or assessing the risk posed by radioactive contamination is the final subject of this report. After radioactive source terms have been removed, large volumes of soil and water with low but potentially hazardous levels of contamination may remain. For poorly-sorbing radionuclides, capture of contaminated water and removal of radi...

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Section: Fission Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Geochemistry of Radioactive Contamination

Siegel

Bryan

2003

Treatise on Geochemistry

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“…Hence, the complete work on correction of information on the ChNPP near zone contamination aiming the rehabilitation activity planning was carried out in 1997 [5]. First of all, works were directed to the 30-km zone mapping by 90 Sr and TUE because the content of mobile radiostrontium in soil increased due to fuel particles dissolution.…”

Section: Territory Contamination With the Radionuclides Of Fuel Compomentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the radiological situation resulted by the accidental release of fuel particles

Kashparov¹

2002

Radioprotection

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“…If fallouts of plutonium isotopes, as it follows from the works [1,2], are twice less than the commonly accepted value, then the long-term forecast of α-emitting isotopes of transuranium elements should also be more favourable. However, it is necessary to be sure of the correctness of assessments in works [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past years the attention is again drawn to the problem that was probably solved a long time ago in the works by Kashparov and his research assistants [1,2] and in other papers of this group -to the estimation of fuel release during the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) accident.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of the commonly accepted (3%) value of nuclear fuel release (outside the ChNPP site [3]), in [1,2] on the basis of estimation of 90 Sr content Q( 90 Sr) in the 30-km zone by 137 Cs content Q( 137 Cs), the fuel release value of 1.5% is proposed to the Ukrainian 30-km zone of ChNPP. According to opinion of the authors of [4], the emission of plutonium isotopes should be reconsidered and its value reduced as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the activity ratio⁹⁰Sr/¹³⁷Cs in soil of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant 30-km zone in Ukraine

Rudak¹,

Yachnik²

2009

Lithuanian J. Phys.

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Two calculation methods of the total content of 90 Sr and fuel particles of the Chernobyl radionuclide fallout in soil of the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl NPP in Ukraine on the basis of direct and inverse density of soil contamination ratios of 137 Cs and 90 Sr are presented. It had been determined that the total content of fuel radionuclides in fallouts estimated by both methods differed about two times. Calculation disparity of content of fuel particles is the consequence of arithmetic average and harmonic average inequality. It was shown that the estimation of the total content of fuel particles in emergency fallout of about 1.5% was obtained due to harmonic means.

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Soil contamination with 90Sr in the near zone of the Chernobyl accident

Cited by 74 publications

References 4 publications

Environmental Geochemistry of Radioactive Contamination

Environmental Geochemistry of Radioactive Contamination

Assessment of the radiological situation resulted by the accidental release of fuel particles

On the activity ratio⁹⁰Sr/¹³⁷Cs in soil of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant 30-km zone in Ukraine

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Soil contamination with 90Sr in the near zone of the Chernobyl accident

Cited by 74 publications

References 4 publications

Environmental Geochemistry of Radioactive Contamination

Environmental Geochemistry of Radioactive Contamination

Assessment of the radiological situation resulted by the accidental release of fuel particles

On the activity ratio90Sr/137Cs in soil of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant 30-km zone in Ukraine

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On the activity ratio⁹⁰Sr/¹³⁷Cs in soil of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant 30-km zone in Ukraine