Soil erosion and human activities over the last 60 years revealed by magnetism, particle size and minerals of check dams sediments on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Dong, Hongmei; Song, Yougui; Chen, Liumei; Liu, Huifang; Fu, Xiaofen; Xie, Mengping

doi:10.1007/s12665-022-10245-8

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…From 1975 to 2015, the ESV in the Beiluo River Basin showed an overall upward trend, which is consistent with the findings of other researchers [11,21,50,51]. From 1975 to 1990, the ESV of the Beiluo River Basin increased by USD 1.082 billion, indicating that small-scale soil and water conservation engineering measures, such as small-scale check dams and the dry terraces built in villages and towns in this area, played a positive role in the ER of the Loess Plateau [52,53]. From 1990 to 2000, the ER measures of the Loess Plateau mainly focused on the comprehensive management of small watersheds, which were more systematic and scientific [54,55].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Ecological Restoration in the Loess Plateau, China Necessitates Targeted Management Strategy: Evidence from the Beiluo River Basin

Xing,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Forests

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Vegetation on the Loess Plateau, China, has continuously improved thanks to certain ecological restoration (ER) strategies, including the integrated soil conservation project that began in the late 1970s and the “Grain for Green” project that began in the 1990s. The experience of these strategies in different geomorphological regions is of great value to ER worldwide. In this study, the evolution of the land-use transition (LUT) pathway and ecosystem service value (ESV) in four geomorphological regions of the Beiluo River Basin was analyzed using geo-informatic Tupu and the equivalent factor method with data from 1975 to 2015. The results indicated that, from 1975 to 2015, the proportion of forestland in the Beiluo River basin increased by 18.27%, while the areas of shrub, grassland, cultivated land, and water decreased by 1.03%, 0.16%, 18.23%, and 0.26%, respectively. In the past 40 years, the overall ESV of the basin increased by USD 3.209 billion (54.16%). The landform, vegetation cover, LUT, and ESV analysis indicated that the main ecological functions of the loess hilly and gully (LHG), loess plateau gully (LPG), rocky mountain (RM), and terrace and plain (TP) regions are soil and water conservation (SWC), SWC and food production, regulation and food production, respectively. ER projects enhanced the main ecological function of individual regions. In detail, the transition of “cultivated land → grassland” enhanced SWC function in the LHG region, and the transition of “grassland (shrub) → forestland” enhanced the regulating services of the RM and LPG regions. Moreover, the transition of “cultivated land to grassland” did not seriously lower the food production services of the TP and LPG regions, owing to the increase in grain yield per unit area. However, there were alternating transitions between cultivated land and ecological land types, implying a game between the peasant households’ demands and the ER strategies. Conflicting demands between local households and the public necessitate precision ER strategies, including land planning, ecological compensation, training and employment for local residents, etc.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Ecological Restoration in the Loess Plateau, China Necessitates Targeted Management Strategy: Evidence from the Beiluo River Basin

Xing,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Forests

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“…As for SEM and SSC, there were no consistent correlations with any LMs for any watersheds. This discrepancy may have been caused by the soil erosion process being easier to disturb with human activity than the runoff process [68,69]. Hence, the relationships between LMs and SEM/SSC have discrepancies in various watersheds with differences in human activity intensity and mode.…”

Section: Effects Of Various Lms On Hydrological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Landscape Patterns and Hydrological Processes in the Subtropical Monsoon Climate Zone of Southeastern China

Wei

Dong

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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With rapid economic development, extensive human activity has changed landscape patterns (LPs) dramatically, which has further influenced hydrological processes. However, the effects of LPs changes on hydrological processes, especially for the streamflow–sediment relationship in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, have not been reported. In our study, 10 watersheds with different sizes in the subtropical monsoon climate zone of southeastern China were chosen as the study area, and the effect of the 14 most commonly used landscape metrics (LMs) on 4 typical hydrological indices (water yields (WY), the runoff coefficient (RC), the soil erosion modulus (SEM), and the suspended sediment concentration (SSC)) were analyzed based on land use maps and hydrological data from 1990 to 2019. The results reveal that the LP characteristics within the study area have changed significantly. The number of patches and landscape shape indices were significantly positively correlated with watershed size (p < 0.01). For most watersheds, the largest patch index was negatively correlated with WY, RC, and SEM, and the perimeter area fractal dimension was positively correlated with WY, RC, SEM, and SSC. The effects of several LMs on the hydrological indices had scale effects. WY/RC and the interspersion and juxtaposition index were negatively correlated in most larger watersheds but were positively correlated in most smaller watersheds. Similar results were found for Shannon’s diversity/evenness index and SEM. In general, an increase in a small patch of landscape and in landscape diversity would increase WY, the fragmentation of LPs would result in more soil erosion, and LPs would affect the relationship between streamflow and sediment yield. As a result, a proper decrease in landscape fragmentation and physical connectivity in the subtropical monsoon climate zone of southeastern China would benefit soil erosion prevention. These results enhance the knowledge about the relationship between LPs and hydrological processes in the subtropical monsoon climate zone of southeastern China and benefit local water and soil conservation efforts.

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“…The alluvial soil, which serves as the dam foundation of the new dam body built on the deposited alluvium in front of dam, has a distinct structure consisting of a mixture of clay, silt and sand 4 . Checking out the mechanical properties of the sand-silt-clay mixtures is necessary in order to evaluate the stability of the new dam body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of coarse-fine particle mixtures: a laboratory investigation of the effect of fine content

Chang

Wang

2023

Preprint

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The impacts of fine content on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of five types of coarse-fine particle mixtures with different fine contents are examined based on laboratory tests. The samples used in these tests all had a void ratio of 0.6. As the fine content decreases, the pore-size distribution of the soil changes from unimodal to bimodal, and the variation rate of the initial elastic modulus with confining pressure becomes great. If the fine content is greater than 71.43%, the pore volume of the mixtures reduces progressively progressively with decreasing the fine content, resulting in the growth of peak deviator stress, cohesiveness, and internal friction angle. If the concentration of the fine grains is less than 71.43%, the pore volume of the mixtures shows an increasing trend, which causes a decrease in peak deviator stress,cohesiveness, and internal friction angle.

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Soil erosion and human activities over the last 60 years revealed by magnetism, particle size and minerals of check dams sediments on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Cited by 10 publications

References 69 publications

Ecological Restoration in the Loess Plateau, China Necessitates Targeted Management Strategy: Evidence from the Beiluo River Basin

Ecological Restoration in the Loess Plateau, China Necessitates Targeted Management Strategy: Evidence from the Beiluo River Basin

Relationships between Landscape Patterns and Hydrological Processes in the Subtropical Monsoon Climate Zone of Southeastern China

Mechanical properties of coarse-fine particle mixtures: a laboratory investigation of the effect of fine content

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