Soil geochemical signature of urbanization and industrialization – Chicago, Illinois, USA

Cannon, William F.; Horton, John D.

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.023

Cited by 92 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…All measurements were far below the Dutch intervention value of 10 mg·kg −1 [31] and the Canadian legislative limit value of 6.6 mg·kg −1 for residential/park land uses [32]. The Hg concentrations in topsoil samples from Athens were compared with data reported for other cities around the world [5,9,12,19,20,[33][34][35][36][37][38]. The results of this comparison are presented in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury in the Urban Topsoil of Athens, Greece

Kelepertzis

Argyraki

2015

Sustainability

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Abstract:The present study documents the Hg content in 45 urban topsoil samples from the highly urbanized city of Athens, Greece. The Hg concentrations were quantified by applying aqua regia digestion on the <100 μm soil fraction followed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with a detection limit of 5 μg·kg , which is the maximum concentration value expected to be present in normal uncontaminated soils. Results obtained by multivariate principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis incorporating a large suite of chemical elements were notably effective for elucidating the anthropogenic origin of Hg in the studied soil. The elevated concentrations are most likely related to site-specific point source contamination rather than to the widely documented influences from the vehicular traffic emissions in urban settings. Given the proximity of urban population to the contaminated urban soils, we suggest the implementation of different soil extraction tests with the aim to evaluate the fraction of soil Hg available for absorption by the human body.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, differences of over 100 times were observed between minimum and maximum concentrations, reflecting a high degree of spatial heterogeneity in Hg content. This feature has been identified in other urban systems [42] and possibly indicates the existence of occasional site-specific anthropogenic contamination [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury in the Urban Topsoil of Athens, Greece

Kelepertzis

Argyraki

2015

Sustainability

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“…It plays a vital role in (1) determining human health and ecosystem integrity; (2) supporting food production; (3) water storage and ground water recharge; and (4) global study at a more regional scale-a 20,000-square-kilometer (km 2 ) area of northern California-was conducted as a model for higher-resolution, process-oriented follow-up studies that might be performed on areas of interest selected from the low-density continental-scale mapping. The results of these pilot studies were published as 21 papers in a special issue of "Applied Geochemistry" in August 2009 (Bern, 2009;Cannon and Horton, 2009;Chiprés and others, 2009 a, b;Eberl and Smith, 2009;Garrett, 2009;Garrett and others, 2009;Goldhaber and others, 2009;Griffin and others, 2009;Grunsky and others, 2009;Holloway and others, 2009;Klassen, 2009;McCafferty and Van Gosen, 2009;Morman and others, 2009;Morrison and others, 2009;Reeves and Smith, 2009;Smith and others, 2009;Tuttle and others, 2009;Wanty and others, 2009;Woodruff and others, 2009). Smith and others (2009) and Chiprés and others (2009a) give details of the design, sample collection, and analytical protocols for the continental-scale pilot study, and Goldhaber and others (2009) provide similar information for the northern California regional-scale pilot study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical and mineralogical data for soils of the conterminous United States

Smith¹,

Cannon²,

Woodruff³

et al. 2013

Data Series

152

186

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“…John's appears to be an exceptional city in the context of its soil metal burden because unlike others with a similar burden (e.g., Chicago, Illinois, Cannon and Horton 2009;New Orleans, Louisiana, Mielke 1994), it is neither industrialized nor heavily populated, and does not have intensively used transportation networks. Rather, it is a relatively low population port city with small industrial enterprises and a long tradition of coal-heating and row housing with wooden clapboard, not unlike many cities in Atlantic Canada.…”

Section: Conclusion and Next Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Geochemical Hazard Mapping of St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada

Foley

Bell²,

Liverman³

2011

atgeol

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The surface soil concentrations (n = 997) of ten metals with Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment soil quality guidelines were mapped on residential properties in the City of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Concentrations of all metals are elevated above background levels, five of the ten metals -As, Ba, Cu, Pb, and Zn -have concentrations above environmental health guidelines in more than 20% of samples, and three metals -As, Pb, and V -exceed human health guidelines in 34 to 47% of samples. Using a contamination index, surface soil was shown to be highly contaminated in the downtown area, primarily on residential properties predating the 1950s. In order of influence, the four metals with the highest contamination factor are Pb, Zn, As, and Cu. Compared to background levels, surface soils are significantly enriched in Pb and Cd, and moderately enriched in Cr, Cu, and Zn. A hierarchical clustering procedure indicated strong statistical relationships between the occurrences of two metal groups across all soil samples. One group -Pb-Zn-Cd -has consistently elevated concentrations in soil sampled adjacent to the exterior walls of buildings, although high values were also recorded in roadside sites and from open spaces on properties. The second group -Cr-Ni-Cu -has minimal to moderately elevated concentrations in all sample locations, though slightly higher concentrations along roadsides. The clusters of metals and their spatial concentration patterns suggest that weathered paint, vehicular emissions, and coal burning were important sources for the main contaminants in sampled soils. Of the three metals (i.e., As, Pb, and V) which significantly exceed human health guidelines, Pb and As pose the greatest potential health risk and require further assessment. It is possible that other cities in the region that share similar urban history and characteristics have a potentially hazardous geochemical landscape. RÉSUMÉDes concentrations du sol en surface (n = 997) de dix métaux qui figurent dans les lignes directrices sur la qualité du sol du Conseil canadien des ministres de l'Environnement, ont été répertoriées sur une carte de terrains résidentiels de la ville de St. John's, à TerreNeuveetLabrador, au Canada. Les concentrations de tous les métaux étaient plus élevées que le niveau naturel et cinq de ces dix métaux, As, Ba, Cu, Pb et Zn, avaient une concentration supérieure aux lignes directrices sur l'hygiène du milieu dans plus de 20 % des échantillons. Dans 34 à 47 % des échantillons de trois métaux, As, Pb et V, il y avait une concentration qui dépassait les lignes directrices sur la santé humaine. En regard d'un indice de contamination, il a été établi que le sol en surface dans le secteur du centre-ville présentait une forte contamination, principalement sur des terrains résidentiels aménagés avant les années 1950. En ordre d'importance, les quatre métaux qui présentaient la plus forte contamination étaient le Pb, le Zn, l'As et le Cu. Comparativement au niveau naturel, les taux d...

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Soil geochemical signature of urbanization and industrialization – Chicago, Illinois, USA

Cited by 92 publications

References 23 publications

Mercury in the Urban Topsoil of Athens, Greece

Mercury in the Urban Topsoil of Athens, Greece

Geochemical and mineralogical data for soils of the conterminous United States

Urban Geochemical Hazard Mapping of St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada

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