Soil Nutrients and Carbon Dynamics in the Presence of Biochar-swine Manure Mixture Under Controlled Leaching Experiment Using a Midwestern USA Soil

Banik, Chumki; Kozieł, Jacek A.; De, Mriganka; Bonds, Darcy; Chen, Baitong; Singh, Asheesh K.; Licht, Mark A.

doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0551.v2

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, the impact of these manure additives such as (biochar, soybean peroxide) still needed further research on larger scales and farms with different manure management systems. Most recently, research has shown that biochar-treated manure can have beneficial agronomic effects, as reported by Banik et al (2020). There is an early indication that biochar-manure mixture has the potential to further improve the nitrogen and carbon cycling and sustainability of animal and crop production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mitigation of Odor, NH3, H2S, GHG, and VOC Emissions With Current Products for Use in Deep-Pit Swine Manure Storage Structures

Chen

Kozieł

Banik

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Odorous gas emissions from swine production have been a concern for neighbors and communities near livestock farms. Manure storage is one of the main sources of gaseous emissions. Manure additive products are marketed as a simple solution to this environmental challenge. Manure additives are user-friendly for producers and can be applied (e.g., periodically poured into manure) without changing the current manure storage structure. Little scientific data exist on how these products perform in mitigating gaseous emissions from swine manure. The research objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of 12 marketed manure additives on mitigating odor, ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), greenhouse gases (GHG), and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from stored swine manure. A controlled pilot-scale setup was used to conduct 8-week long trials using manufacturer-prescribed dosages of additives into swine manures. Manure was outsourced from three swine farms to represent a variety of manure storage types and other factors affecting the properties. Measured gaseous emissions were compared between the treated and untreated manure. None of the tested products showed a significant reduction in gaseous emissions when all (n = 3) manures were treated as replicates. Selected products showed a wide range of statistically-significant reduction and generation of gaseous emissions when emissions were compared in pairs of manure types from one farm. The latter observation highlighted the lack of consistent mitigation of gaseous emissions by manure additives. The results of this study do not warrant full-scale trials with the tested products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mitigation of Odor, NH3, H2S, GHG, and VOC Emissions With Current Products for Use in Deep-Pit Swine Manure Storage Structures

Chen

Kozieł

Banik

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…The plant-available P and K [34] and other plant micronutrients were extracted by Mehlich-3 [35][36][37] and analyzed by ICP-OES. The details of the incubation and data for biochar, manure, and manure-biochar mixtures were reported elsewhere [20].…”

Section: Soil Collection Biochar Manure and Manure-biochar Incubationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These observations have also prompted surface-modified biochar research to enhance the sorption of oxyanions onto biochar surfaces via complexation and ligand exchange reactions to develop P removal or release strategies [16][17][18][19]. We recently reported that surface-modified Fe-biochar application also showed low soil heavy metal concentrations without compromising crucial plant-available soil nutrients upon manure application [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biochar fits a need since many marketed manure additives have not been proven effective [28]. Stage 2 -the manure-biochar mixture is applied to farmed land as a value-added fertilizer, with the potential to improve soil organic matter (OM), plantavailable nutrients (NO3 -, NH4 + , P, and K) while lowering the risk of nutrient leaching loss [20]. Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing Biochar-Swine Manure Mixture to Conventional Manure Impact on Soil Nutrient Availability and Plant Uptake – A Greenhouse Study

Banik¹,

Kozieł²,

Bonds³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The use of swine manure as a source of plant nutrients is one alternative to synthetic fertilizers. However, conventional manure application with >90% water and a low C:N ratio results in soil C loss to the atmosphere. Our hypothesis was to use biochar as a manure nutrient stabilizer that would slowly release nutrients to plants upon biochar-swine manure mixture application to soil. The objectives were to evaluate the impact of biochar-treated swine manure on soil total C, N, and plant-available macro and micronutrients in greenhouse-cultivated corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Neutral pH red oak (RO), highly alkaline autothermal corn stover (HAP), and mild acidic Fe-treated autothermal corn stover (HAPE) biomass were pyrolyzed to prepare biochars. Each biochar was surface-applied to swine manure at a 1:4 (biochar wt/manure wt) ratio to generate mixtures of manure and respective biochars (MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE). Conventional manure (M) control and manure-biochar mixtures were then applied to the soil at a recommended rate. Corn and soybean were grown under these controls and treatments (S, M, MRO, MHAP, and MHAPE) to evaluate the manure-biochar impact on soil quality, plant biomass yield, and nutrient uptake. Soil OM significantly (<0.05) increased in all manure-biochar treatments; however, no change in soil pH or N was observed under any treatment. No difference in soil ammonium between treatments was identified. There was a significant decrease in soil M3-P and soil NO3- for all manure-biochar treatments compared to the conventional M. However, the plant biomass nutrient concentrations were not significantly different from control manure. Moreover, an increasing trend of N and decreasing trend of P in the plant under all biochar-manure treatments than the controls were noted. This observation suggests that the presence of biochar is capable of influencing the soil N and P in such a way as not to lose those nutrients at the early growth stages of the plant. In general, no statistical difference in corn or soybean biomass yield and plant nutrient uptake for N, P, and K was observed. Interestingly, manure-biochar application to soil significantly diluted the M3-extractable soil Cu and Zn concentrations. The results attribute that manure-biochar has the potential to be a better soil amendment than conventional manure application to the soil.

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“…First, biochar can be used to mitigate emissions from manure while adsorbing nutrients from manure and, at the same time, preventing losses to the atmosphere. Banik et al (2020) reported that using biochar and manure mixture significantly increased the organic matter, total carbon (C), and total N of the soil. Therefore, we propose to use biochar treatment to improve air quality inside barns, improve worker and animal safety during manure agitation (e.g., Chen et al, (2020b), and to valorize biochar-treated manure.…”

Section: Effect On Volatile Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Gaseous Emissions from Swine Manure with the Surficial Application of Biochars

Meiirkhanuly¹,

Kozieł²,

Chen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Environmental impact associated with odor and gaseous emissions from animal manure is one of the challenges for communities, farmers, and regulatory agencies. Microbe-based manure additives treatments are marketed and used by farmers for mitigation of emissions. However, their performance is difficult to assess objectively. Thus, comprehensive, practical, and low-cost treatments are still in demand. We have been advancing such treatments based on physicochemical principles. The objective of this research was to test the effect of the surficial application of a thin layer (¼"; 6.3 mm) of biochar on the mitigation of gaseous emissions (as the percent reduction, % R) from swine manure. Two types of biochar were tested: highly alkaline and porous (HAP) biochar made from corn stover and red oak (RO), both with different pH and morphology. Three 30-day trials were conducted with a layer of HAP and RO (2.0 & 1.65 kg∙m-2, respectively) applied on manure surface, and emissions of ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), greenhouse gases (GHG), and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured. The manure and biochar type and properties had an impact on the mitigation effect and its duration. RO significantly reduced NH3 (19-39%) and p-cresol (66-78%). H2S was mitigated (16~23%), but not significantly for all trials. Significant (66~78%) reductions for p-cresol were observed for all trials. The phenolic VOCs had relatively high % R in most trials but not significantly for all trials. HAP reduced NH3 (4~21%) and H2S (2~22%), but not significantly for all trials. Significant % R for p-cresol (91~97%) and skatole (74~95%) were observed for all trials. The % R for phenol and indole ranged from (60~99%) & (29~94%) but was not significant for all trials. The impact on GHGs, isobutyric acid, and the odor was mixed with some mitigation and generation effects. However, larger-scale experiments are needed to understand how biochar properties and the dose and frequency of application can be optimized to mitigate odor and gaseous emissions from swine manure. The lessons learned can also be applicable to surficial biochar treatment of gaseous emissions from other waste and area sources.

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Soil Nutrients and Carbon Dynamics in the Presence of Biochar-swine Manure Mixture Under Controlled Leaching Experiment Using a Midwestern USA Soil

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Mitigation of Odor, NH3, H2S, GHG, and VOC Emissions With Current Products for Use in Deep-Pit Swine Manure Storage Structures

Mitigation of Odor, NH3, H2S, GHG, and VOC Emissions With Current Products for Use in Deep-Pit Swine Manure Storage Structures

Comparing Biochar-Swine Manure Mixture to Conventional Manure Impact on Soil Nutrient Availability and Plant Uptake – A Greenhouse Study

Mitigation of Gaseous Emissions from Swine Manure with the Surficial Application of Biochars

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