Soil organic matter dynamics after afforestation of mountain grasslands in both a Mediterranean and a temperate climate

Ortiz, Carlos; Vázquez, Eduardo; Sánchez, Alfonso Emilio Pérez; Benito, Marta; Schindlbacher, Andreas; Jandl, Robert; Butterbach‐Bahl, Klaus; Díaz‐Pinés, Eugenio

doi:10.1007/s10533-016-0278-5

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In addition, the increasing population and the rapidly developing economy in the South Western area of the study region have increased overall water consumption levels, resulting in the further depletion of water resources and the expansion of water resources gaps 26 . This situation may lead to risks in competition for water resources in the future, such as between Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and between Sichuan Province and the municipality of Chongqing 27 . As stated, afforestation measures were implemented to improve vegetation coverage and increase forest area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Risks Arising from the Impact of Large-scale Afforestation on the Regional Water Supply Balance in Southwest China

Xiao

Sun

2020

Sci Rep

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Ecological degradation impedes sustainable development in Southwest China, and artificial afforestation has been a key strategy of the Government of China to effectively curb it. However, the water consumed by large-scale afforestation has a huge impact on water supply in Southwest China, which also arise a new challenge causing severe drought here recently. In order to determine the impact of artificial afforestation on the region, this study conducts spatiotemporal, abrupt change, and correlation and regression analyses. Results show that although water resources fluctuate, they exhibit a general declining trend. Especially after 2000, water resources showed a significant downward trend. In terms of spatial tendency, there has been an obvious decrease in water resources in the Sichuan Basin, the mountainous region of eastern Chongqing, and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Due to extensive afforestation and vegetation cover growth, there has been an increase in most trends of forest-shrub ecosystems, resulting in substantially enhanced evapotranspiration effects. The uptake of water by afforestation in Southwest China could reach 40.42 billion m 3 , which is equivalent to 10.69% of its annul available water supply (1980-2015). Generally, afforestation disrupts the water balance of the region. This study recommends substituting afforestation for natural restoration or, at the very least, selecting vegetation that requires less water for the restoration of the ecological environment of Southwest China, which provide scientific method for regional sustainable development. The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on climate change stated that global surface temperatures rose by 0.85 °C from 1880 to 2012 (from 0.65 °C to 1.06 °C, respectively). Global warming leads to frequent extreme weather and climate events and impacts both the water supply and the ecological environments of numerous countries 1,2. Severe droughts are caused by a decrease in precipitation, which leads to shortages in water supplies, and such droughts are harmful to life, production, and ecology. Moreover, events such as these have dual attributes, that is, natural attributes and social attributes. This is an important factor which restricts the sustainable development of societies 3. Since the twenty-first century, drought events in Southwest China have moved into a period of "high incidence". With increases in interannual and annual variation in rainfall in Southwest China, the frequency of droughts have increased, and years of serious and catastrophic drought events in different regions and during different seasons have subsequently increased 4. Thus, strengthening research on drought characteristics and causes in Southwest China as well as the level of response, providing a scientific basis for decisions on disaster prevention and mitigation, have important practical implications 5,6. Since 2010, there have been many serious drought events reported in Southwest China, including Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan provinces and the municipality of Chongqing, which...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Risks Arising from the Impact of Large-scale Afforestation on the Regional Water Supply Balance in Southwest China

Xiao

Sun

2020

Sci Rep

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“…As the elevation gradient changes, a shift in the isotopic signature of C and N occurs, and the change in vegetation types governs these dynamics [21]. For instance, the natural abundance of C (δ 13 C) increases in the foliage of plants along with the increase in elevation [21] but there is a large variation in soil's δ 13 C values [22,23]. Plant leaves or litters are one of the major contributors to soil organic matter formation through microbial decomposition [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With an increase in elevation, the availability of plant nutrients are limited due to reduced mineralization rates [21,26]. Nutrient availability in the higher elevation is mostly constrained by the climate, vegetation type, and input management [21,23]. In Mustang, animal husbandry is closely linked with agriculture [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and Nitrogen Sourcing in High Elevation Landscapes of Mustang in Central Nepal

Ojha

Manandhar²,

Neupane

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Mustang valley in the central Himalaya of Nepal is a unique landscape formed by massive soil mass during a glacial period, which is attributed to a mix of vegetations and long agricultural history. Soil nutrients and their sourcing is highly important to understand the vegetation assemblage and land productivity in this arid zone. Twenty soil samples (from 0 to 20 cm depth) were collected from three landscape positions in Mustang district: valley, ridge, and midslope. We explored nutrient sourcing using natural abundance carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotope (δ15N) employing isotope ratio mass spectrophotometry. The results showed that the total soil carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) ranged from 0.3 to 10.5% and 0.3 to 0.7%, respectively. Similarly, the CN ratio ranged from 0.75 to 15.6, whereas soil pH ranged from 6.5 to 7.5. Valley soil showed higher values of TN, CN, and soil pH than the ridge and midslope soils. The valleys had more positive δ15N signatures than ridge and midslope, which indicates higher inorganic and organic N fertilizer inputs in the valley bottom than in the midslope and ridge. This suggests that a higher nutrient content in the valley bottom likely results from agro-inputs management and the transport of nutrients from the ridge and midslope. Soil pH and CN ratio were a non-limiting factor of nutrient availability in the study regions. These findings are crucial in understanding the nutrient dynamics and management in relation to vegetation and agricultural farming in this unique topography of the Trans-Himalayan zone of Mustang in central Nepal.

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“…La emisión anual de C, a través de la RS, es de 80,4 Pg CO2-C (1 Petagramo =1 billón ton. métricas), representa aproximadamente un 10% del total del C atmosférico y es hasta 10 veces más grande que el obtenido por la combustión de compuestos fósiles y la deforestación combinadas (Ortiz et al, 2014). Por lo tanto, pequeños incrementos en la RS o cambios en los factores que controlan sus tasas, pueden resultar en cambios significativos en la concentración de CO2 atmosférico y en el balance calórico (Dias et al, 2010;Galicia et al, 2016;Li et al, 2018).…”

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Evolución de la respiración del suelo y su relación con aportes de hojarascas en un suelo boscoso de montaña

Valdez-Prado

Prieto-Méndez

Santillán

et al. 2021

ICBI

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La respiración del suelo (RS) en ecosistemas boscosos se considera como el segundo flujo de carbono más importante entre la biosfera y la atmósfera; cerca de la mitad de la RS se deriva de la actividad metabólica, soporte y crecimiento radicular y asociación con micorrizas. En bosques tropicales, el factor que mayor influencia tiene sobre la variación temporal de la RS, no es tanto la temperatura, sino el contenido de agua o la precipitación debido a que la temperatura del suelo es relativamente constante. El objetivo del trabajo ha sido establecer el comportamiento de la RS y tratar de estimar y modelar el proceso ecológico de la RS en la fase priseral arbustiva de un bosque de montaña en el Estado de Hidalgo, con el fin de fortalecer el marco teórico de la ecología de la restauración y de la biología de la conservación, así como analizar su relación con los parámetros meteorológicos para entender cuáles son los factores que regulan los flujos del CO2 suelo-atmósfera en un ciclo anual. Por los resultados alcanzados, debe señalarse que será necesario realizar un número mayor de evaluaciones en un tiempo de 3 a 5 años y en épocas y períodos estacionales con vistas a reforzar estos resultados. Se pudo concluir tres aspectos importantes, en primer lugar, que la RS es parte del reservorio de carbono en ecosistemas forestales; la RS del suelo es una variable dependiente del tiempo y de la altitud, a mayores tiempos mayores valores de RS y a mayores altitudes también. Se encontró que la tasa de respiración diurna (TRSD) es ligeramente mayor que la nocturna (TRSN), al parecer dependiente de la temperatura ambiente. Se logró clasificar los AH de suelos de la zona boscosa de montaña del Parque Nacional del Chico. Ya se reportaba que eran suelos andisoles húmicos, pero en este trabajo se clasifican como AH de tipo A predominante.

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Soil organic matter dynamics after afforestation of mountain grasslands in both a Mediterranean and a temperate climate

Cited by 15 publications

References 73 publications

Ecological Risks Arising from the Impact of Large-scale Afforestation on the Regional Water Supply Balance in Southwest China

Ecological Risks Arising from the Impact of Large-scale Afforestation on the Regional Water Supply Balance in Southwest China

Carbon and Nitrogen Sourcing in High Elevation Landscapes of Mustang in Central Nepal

Evolución de la respiración del suelo y su relación con aportes de hojarascas en un suelo boscoso de montaña

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