“…Precipitation, temperature, and the relationship between them are the key determinants of the distribution, structure, and function of steppes globally [2]. The soil water of steppes mainly depends on precipitation at a large spatial scale and is affected both by human activities, including the grazing of livestock, irrigation, hay cutting, the improvement and cultivation of steppes, and precipitation at a regional or small spatial scale [3][4][5]. Grazing is one of the most important ways of steppe utilization, which has a certain effect on the soil moisture of steppes through a series of livestock disturbances [6].…”