Soil treatment using fresh and landfilled cement kiln dust

Sreekrishnavilasam, Asha; Rahardja, Sunie; Kmetz, Robert; Santagata, Marika

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.015

Cited by 83 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, CFA (see e.g., McManis and Arman, 1989;Chang, 1995;Misra, 1998;Zia and Fox, 2000;Puppala et al, 2003;Bin-Shafique et al, 2004;Phanikumar and Sharma, 2004;Nalbantoglu, 2004;Camargo et al, 2009;Li et al, 2009) and CKD (e.g., McCoy and Kriner, 1971;Baghdadi and Rahman, 1990;Zaman et al, 1992;Sayah, 1993;Miller and Azad, 2000;Miller and Zaman, 2000;Sreekrishnavilasam et al, 2007;Gomez, 2009) is used successfully with both fine-and coarse-grained soils. Lower effectiveness of lime with coarse-grained soil can be attributed to scarcity of pozzolana (silicious and aluminacious material) in coarse-grained soils which is required for pozzolanic (or cementitious) reactions.…”

Section: Gradation and Plasticity Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural and Mineralogical Characterization of Clay Stabilized Using Calcium-Based Stabilizers

Solanki¹,

Zaman²

2012

Scanning Electron Microscopy

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Section: Gradation and Plasticity Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be seen that lime and CFA had the highest and the lowest SSA values, respectively. A higher SSA indicates more reactivity of additive (Nalbantoglu and Tuncer, 2001;Sreekrishnavilasam et al, 2007).…”

Section: Specific Surface Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and Mineralogical Characterization of Clay Stabilized Using Calcium-Based Stabilizers

Solanki¹,

Zaman²

2012

Scanning Electron Microscopy

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“…Values in the first row are for the cement kiln dust used in this study. Those in the second row are mean values of 63 different CKD calculated from published data by Sreekrishnavilasam et al (2007). Kamon and Nontananandh (1991) have suggested that in order for pozzolanic reactions to take place, the hydration modulus must be greater than [1.7].…”

Section: Cement Kiln Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Compactive Effort on Compacted Lateritic Soil Treated with Cement Kiln Dust as Hydraulic Barrier Material

Osinubi

Moses

Liman³

2014

Geotech Geol Eng

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The paper evaluates the suitability of lateritic soil treated with up to 10 % cement kiln dust (CKD) by dry weight of soil for the construction of waste containment facilities compacted at three energy levels. Laboratory tests were carried out on specimens prepared at molding water contents -2, 0, ?2 and ?4 % of the optimum moisture content and compacted with British standard light, West African standard or 'Intermediate' and British standard heavy (BSH) energies. Index, hydraulic conductivity, volumetric shrinkage and unconfined compression tests were carried out. Results obtained show improvement in index properties with CKD treatment. Regulatory criteria of maximum hydraulic conductivity value of 1 9 10 -9 m/s, minimum unconfined compressive strength of 200 kN/m 2 and maximum volumetric shrinkage strain (VSS) of 4 % were satisfied with a minimum 7.5 % CKD treatment when specimens were compacted at BSH energy level. The overall acceptable zone for the treated soil was achieved with 10 % CKD treatment for specimens prepared at molding water content range of 13.5-21.3 % and compacted with BSH energy.

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“…The use of CKD also supports sustainable practices. About 30 million tons of CKD are generated per year world wide (Dyer, 1999) with more than 4 million tons being generated in the USA (Sreekrishnavilasam et al, 2007). The cost associated with the disposal of CKD is high, stimulating the cement industry to develop practical applications for fresh CKD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization/Solidification (S/S) Pb and W Contaminated Soils using Type I/II Portland Cement, Silica Fume Cement and Cement Kiln Dust

2013

Global NEST Journal

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ABSTRACT:Stabilization/solidification (S/S) processes were utilized to immobilize lead (Pb) and tungsten (W) in contaminated soils, the inclusion of W motivated by the use of the new W-based ammunition. Artificially contaminated soils were prepared by mixing either kaolinite or montmorillonite with 10% Pb and 1% W (all percentages by dry weight). Type I/II Portland cement (PC), silica fume cement (SFC) and cement kiln dust (CKD) were used as S/S agents. The S/S agents were added at 5, 10 and 15 % for a curing time of 1-, 7-and 28-days. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) was used to investigate the crystalline mineral phases responsible for Pb and W immobilization. The TCLP results showed that regardless of clay type and stabilizing agents, the Pb concentrations decreased with increasing pozzolan content. PC and SFC exhibited similar performance depending on the particular sample (not consistent with soil type, dosage, and curing time). The most effective stabilizing agent on Pb leachability was PC despite SFC being silica-enriched which should have contributed to its greater immobilization of Pb. TCLP-W was immobilized below 1 mg l -1 in every case. The most effective stabilizing agent on the SPLP-Pb leachability was CKD, consistently demonstrating among the lowest concentrations for each soil type due to pH control. PC and SFC exhibited similar performance depending on the particular sample (not consistent with soil type, dosage, and curing time). The W concentrations in SPLP leachate were very low in most samples indicating that W could be immobilized upon S/S processes even though W solubility is very high at elevated pH conditions (662.9 mg l -1 at pH~11), and would remain immobilized under SPLP exposure conditions. The XRPD results revealed that the formation of lead silicate (Pb 4 SiO 6 ), stolzite (PbWO 4 ) and lead tungsten oxide (Pb 0.29 WO 3 ) were strongly associated with the immobilization of Pb in the S/S matrix.

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Soil treatment using fresh and landfilled cement kiln dust

Cited by 83 publications

References 4 publications

Microstructural and Mineralogical Characterization of Clay Stabilized Using Calcium-Based Stabilizers

Microstructural and Mineralogical Characterization of Clay Stabilized Using Calcium-Based Stabilizers

The Influence of Compactive Effort on Compacted Lateritic Soil Treated with Cement Kiln Dust as Hydraulic Barrier Material

Stabilization/Solidification (S/S) Pb and W Contaminated Soils using Type I/II Portland Cement, Silica Fume Cement and Cement Kiln Dust

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