Soils and Forest Growth on Different Aspects in the Tanana Watershed of Interior Alaska

Krause, Helmut; Rieger, Samuel; Wilde, S. A.

doi:10.2307/1929774

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Later McIntosh et al (1981, 1992 and Lynn et al (2002) studied seasonally dry toposequences in more detail and confirmed the observations of overseas workers (e.g. Krauze et al, 1959;Cooper, 1960;Floate, 1965;Franzmeier et al, 1969;Losche et al, 1970), and of Ross (1971) and Cuff (1973) in New Zealand, that soils on sunny aspects tend to be less leached than soils on shady aspects at the same altitude, although local erosion can obscure this pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The role of fire and nutrient loss in the genesis of the forest soils of Tasmania and southern New Zealand

McIntosh

Laffan

Hewitt

2005

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The role of fire and nutrient loss in the genesis of the forest soils of Tasmania and southern New Zealand

McIntosh

Laffan

Hewitt

2005

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…In boreal forests of Alaska, aspect influences patterns of solar radiation; south‐facing slopes typically exhibit warmer soils, increased rates of organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling, longer growing seasons, and correspondingly greater forest production (Krause et al. , Viereck , Viereck et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bars represent 99% confidence intervals of the medians, based on 10,000 bootstrapped replicates. seasons, and correspondingly greater forest production (Krause et al 1959, Viereck 1975. Growth rates were significantly lower on the left, northfacing bank prior to fertilization but were increased by the additions of salmon carcasses to the extent that they no longer differed significantly from those of the south-facing slope.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multidecade experiment shows that fertilization by salmon carcasses enhanced tree growth in the riparian zone

Quinn

Helfield

Austin

et al. 2018

Ecology

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As they return to spawn and die in their natal streams, anadromous, semelparous fishes such as Pacific salmon import marine‐derived nutrients to otherwise nutrient‐poor freshwater and riparian ecosystems. Diverse organisms exploit this resource, and previous studies have indicated that riparian tree growth may be enhanced by such marine‐derived nutrients. However, these studies were largely inferential and did not account for all factors affecting tree growth. As an experimental test of the contribution of carcasses to tree growth, for 20 yr, we systematically deposited all sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) carcasses (217,055 individual salmon) in the riparian zone on one bank of a 2‐km‐long stream in southwestern Alaska, reducing carcass accumulation on one bank and enhancing it on the other. After accounting for partial consumption and movement of carcasses by brown bears (Ursus arctos) and variation in salmon abundance and body size, we estimated that 267,620 kg of salmon were deposited on the enhanced bank and 45,200 kg on the depleted bank over the 20 yr, for a 5.9‐fold difference in total mass. In 2016, we sampled needles of 84 white spruce trees (Picea glauca) the dominant riparian tree species, for foliar nitrogen (N) content and stable isotope ratios (δ15N), and took core samples for annual growth increments. Stable isotope analysis indicated that marine‐derived N was incorporated into the new growth of the trees on the enhanced bank. Analysis of tree cores indicated that in the two decades prior to our enhancement experiment, trees on the south‐facing (subsequently the depleted) bank grew faster than those on the north‐facing (later enhanced) bank. This difference was reduced significantly during the two decades of fertilization, indicating an effect of the carcass transfer experiment against the background of other factors affecting tree growth.

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“…The north-south orientation of slopes on east-west ridges imposes environmental gradients of macro, meso, and micro scale (Billings, 1973(Billings, , 1974. Significant differences between shaded (ubac) and sunny (adret) slopes (Barry and Van Wie, 1974) have been described for atmospheric and soil temperatures, moisture, evapotranspiration, occurrence of cirque glaciers, time of snow melt and runoff, distribution and composition of plant and insect communities, and time of flowering (Shreve, 1924;Parker, 1952;Sigafoos, 1952;Spetzman, 1959, Krause, et al, 1959Mani, 1962;Britton, 1967;Caprio, 1967;Huovila, 1970;Williams, 1975;Erman and Hawthorne, 1976). The major factor responsible for these differences is the angle of 'Paper No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES IN A NORTH‐FLOWING STREAM AND A SOUTH‐FLOWING STREAM, BROOKS RANGE, ALASKA¹

Slack

Nauman

Tilley

1979

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Benthic invertebrate faunas were compared to two fifth‐order streams, the Atigun River flowing northward and the Dietrich River flowing southward. Sixty‐eight taxa were collected, forty‐nine from each stream. Aquatic insects comprised 88% of the taxa and 97% of the individuals from the Dietrich River and 73% of the taxa and 97% of the individuals from the Atigun River. Diptera, especially Chironomidae, were most abundant. Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, Oligochaeta, Acarina, and Collembola were significant. In both streams the headwaters were dominated by the subfamily Diamesinae which was replaced by Orthocladiinae downstream. Diversity seemed to increase with stream order. Cluster analysis showed a high degree of resemblance between the benthic faunas of the rivers. Faunal resemblance decreased with increasing distance between stations, both within and between the streams. Although some taxa may occur in only one stream, the evidence for faunal resemblance is stronger than for faunal differences. Other studies have shown that differences in total radiation associated with valley aspect affect local climate, hydrology, and distribution of terrestrial plants and animals. However, the benthic faunas of Atigun and Dietrich Rivers were remarkably similar. Factors which operate independently of aspect, possibly freezing solid in winter, may control the occurrence of species in these streams.

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Soils and Forest Growth on Different Aspects in the Tanana Watershed of Interior Alaska

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

The role of fire and nutrient loss in the genesis of the forest soils of Tasmania and southern New Zealand

The role of fire and nutrient loss in the genesis of the forest soils of Tasmania and southern New Zealand

A multidecade experiment shows that fertilization by salmon carcasses enhanced tree growth in the riparian zone

BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES IN A NORTH‐FLOWING STREAM AND A SOUTH‐FLOWING STREAM, BROOKS RANGE, ALASKA¹

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Soils and Forest Growth on Different Aspects in the Tanana Watershed of Interior Alaska

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

The role of fire and nutrient loss in the genesis of the forest soils of Tasmania and southern New Zealand

The role of fire and nutrient loss in the genesis of the forest soils of Tasmania and southern New Zealand

A multidecade experiment shows that fertilization by salmon carcasses enhanced tree growth in the riparian zone

BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES IN A NORTH‐FLOWING STREAM AND A SOUTH‐FLOWING STREAM, BROOKS RANGE, ALASKA1

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BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES IN A NORTH‐FLOWING STREAM AND A SOUTH‐FLOWING STREAM, BROOKS RANGE, ALASKA¹