SoK: A Framework for and Analysis of Software Bill of Materials Tools

Abstract

Modern software development has gradually become more complex, leveraging available open-source software and thirdparty components. This practice has raised questions about the provenance, licensing, versioning and compliance of reused code and its dependencies. Furthermore, it is particularly important to review such code fragments and thirdparty components for known-vulnerabilities before they are included in a software product. A Software Bill of Materials (SBoM) is a mechanism to achieve such an analysis, providing transparency and visibility into a software product to both the software developer and its respective consumer. An SBoM lists information and details about all the elements constituting a piece of software and can, therefore, be used to evaluate associated security risk. While the concept of SBoMs is growing in popularity, it is still fairly new to many organizations, causing them to potentially struggle with producing and processing SBoMs and limiting their widespread adoption.In this work, we delve into the area of SBoMs and present the state-of-the-art SBoM tools, creating a framework for analysis and categorizing them based on a diverse set of features and functionalities. We are the first to provide a detailed analysis of 83 open-source SBoM tools along with a perspective on how a potential SBoM user can select a tool based on their specific requirements. Our work aims to help promote understanding of this domain, thereby encouraging and furthering its overall adoption. We additionally seek to pave a path for future work in this area by providing recommendations to tool developers and users, researchers, and standardizing organizations.