“…5,6 Carbon allotropes, like graphene oxide (GO), fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, etc., have been explored for cellular imaging, tissue engineering, intercalation materials, drug delivery biomaterials and biosensors. [7][8][9][10][11] For biosensor fabrication, the presence of available functional groups (e.g. hydroxyl, epoxide, carbonyl, carboxyl, etc.)…”