Sol–gel-derived vanadium and titanium oxides as cathode materials in high-temperature lithium polymer-electrolyte cells

Davies, Andrew; Hobson, Richard J.; Hudson, Michael J.; Macklin, W.J.; Neat, Robin J.

doi:10.1039/jm9960600049

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The morphologies of the individual components, however, consist of small-diameter 20 nanowires and some slightly larger elongated nanorods surrounded by small-diameter nanoparticles. EDX spectroscopy confirmed the elemental identity of the individual nanostructures, confirming the presence of vanadium and oxygen in the nanowire/nanorod structures and titanium and oxygen in the 25 nanoparticles (see electronic supplementary info. fig.…”

Section: Synthesis and Structural Characterisation Of V 2 O 5 Nanorodsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Samples prepared in the absence of 20 the CNC support templates, using the same liquid VTIPO precursor, also displayed similar morphologies; however, a range of larger, plate-like particles and an apparent greater size distribution was evident (figure 2(e)). In addition, the preparation of these template-free samples was cumbersome and often 25 resulted in poor yield. The formation of rod or elongated V 2 O 5 structures is not uncommon and has been observed as a result of many synthetic routes, as a consequence of the high degree of anisotropic bonding.…”

Section: Synthesis and Structural Characterisation Of V 2 O 5 Nanorodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ever-increasing popularity of modern portable electronic devices, electric vehicles (EVs)/hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) 25 etc., has necessitated the research and development of rechargeable batteries with the requisites to meet rising demand. To this end, much effort has been focused on the discovery and development of novel electrode materials with increased capacity, cell voltage, cycling ability and enhanced rate performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 [36][37][38][39][40] and hard/soft templating. [41][42][43][44][45][46] Typically, V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 composites have been prepared for electrochemical use as either amorphous or crystalline thin-films by conventional 25 sol-gel chemistries using the respective metal alkoxide precursors. 21,22,20,[23][24][25][26] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon nanocage supported synthesis of V2O5 nanorods and V2O5/TiO2 nanocomposites for Li-ion batteries

et al. 2013

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We present the facile synthesis of crystalline V 2 O 5 nanorods and V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 nanocomposites structures by a carbon nanocage (CNC)-assisted growth process, using vanadium triisopropoxide oxide and titanium isopropoxide precursors in air at 500 C. The diameters of the resultant V 2 O 5 nanorods ranged between $10 and 70 nm, while the crystalline V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 nanocomposite structures adopted a unique morphology, due to both crystallisation and templating processes, with V 2 O 5 adopting small-diameter nanowire and nanorod morphologies surrounded by sub-30 nm TiO 2 nanoparticles. The V 2 O 5 nanorods and V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 nanocomposites were characterised by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques and subsequently reviewed as positive Li-ion electrodes. The phase-pure V 2 O 5 nanorod structures exhibited appreciable Li + storage properties over the potential range of 2.0-4.0 V vs. Li/Li + , displaying capacities of up to 288 mA h g À1 with appreciable cyclic behaviour at test rates of up to $1 C. The crystalline V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 nanocomposite structures displayed similar Li + storage properties, however, increasing molar fractions of TiO 2 led to a decline in the overall capacity versus the single-phase V 2 O 5 counterparts. Interestingly, the Li + insertion behaviour of the V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 nanocomposite displayed character more-typical of amorphous V 2 O 5 , which was ascribed to a structural buffering effect of the inactive TiO 2 phase.

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Section: Synthesis and Structural Characterisation Of V 2 O 5 Nanorodsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Synthesis and Structural Characterisation Of V 2 O 5 Nanorodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon nanocage supported synthesis of V2O5 nanorods and V2O5/TiO2 nanocomposites for Li-ion batteries

et al. 2013

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“…Suas propriedades eletroquímicas 1-3 e suas potencialidades de aplicação como sensores [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] , em catálise [11][12] , cátodos em células recarregáveis a base de lítio e eletrólitos poliméricos 13 , e fotocatalisadores em processos de degradação de poluentes orgânicos [14][15][16] 35 . Eletrodos de grandes dimensões, numa escala industrial de produção de janelas eletrocrômicas, já são fabricados usandose a técnica de "dip-coating".…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Dióxido de titânio sol-gel: propriedades e comportamento eletrocrômico

Zoppi¹,

Mortean²

2000

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 23/8/99; aceito em 19/5/00 SOL-GEL TITANIUM DIOXIDE: PROPERTIES AND ELECTROCHROMIC BEHAVIOR. Titanium dioxide was prepared by hydrolysis and polycondensation of titanium tetraisopropoxide. TiO 2 films were obtained by spin coating of the precursor solution on ITO substractes (glass covered with indium doped tin oxide). Films were prepared using different temperatures and hydrochloric acid contents. The effect of the drying temperature of the films (100 or 400 o C) was also investigated. TiO 2 films were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, ultraviolete-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractrometry.Keywords: sol-gel process; TiO 2 ; electrochemical properties. . Eletrodos de grandes dimensões, numa escala industrial de produção de janelas eletrocrômicas, já são fabricados usandose a técnica de "dip-coating". Camadas de WO 3 podem ser preparadas facilmente pelo processo sol-gel e têm mostrado propriedades eletrocrômicas similares às obtidas pelas técni-cas convencionais. ARTIGO INTRODUÇÃOAinda devido às propriedades eletrocrômicas apresentadas pelos óxidos metálicos, a produção de espelhos eletrocrômicos constitui um outro mercado. O espelho é constituído de um eletrodo condutor transparente (por exemplo ITO) coberto com um filme de material de coloração anódica (por exemplo óxido de níquel ou irídio), seguido de um eletrólito sólido (pentóxido de tântalo) e um filme de coloração catódica (por exemplo, WO 3 ) depositado sobre um eletrodo condutor refletor (geralmente um filme de alumínio ou platina). Os espelhos retrovisores dos automóveis mais avançados no momento são eletrocrômicos. A refletância destes espelhos é da ordem de 50% para o estado claro e 15% para o estado escuro. O tempo de resposta varia de 2 a 4 segundos e sua durabilidade é de aproximadamente 10 7 ciclos de clareamento e escurecimento 36 . Muitos óxidos de metal de transição podem ser preparados via sol-gel, porém seu comportamento eletrocrômico tem sido pouco investigado 37 . WO 3 .nH 2 O amorfo, filmes de TiO 2 ou V 2 O 5 , têm sido obtidos a partir de etóxido de tungstênio, Ti[O(CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 ] 4 e ácido polivanádico, respectivamente. A sín-tese de materiais eletrocrômicos pelo processo sol-gel oferece algumas vantagens 37 : 1) tem sido observado que as propriedades eletrocrômicas do WO 3 são muito sensíveis ao método de preparação. Filmes obtidos por "sputtering" apresentam tempos de resposta mais curtos que os obtidos por evaporação à vácuo. Isto tem sido relacionado ao conteúdo de água no material. Filmes mais hidratados apresentam melhor reversibilidade e tempos de resposta mais curtos. Usando-se o processo solgel, os filmes sempre contêm água e apresentam estrutura porosa, facilitando a difusão de íons e melhorando a performance do material; 2) há a possibilidade de preparação de dispositivos do tipo gel multi-camada. Todas as camadas ativas do dispositivo (eletrólitos e materiais eletrocrômicos) podem ser obtidas a partir de géis. Tais sistemas exibem tempo de resposta longo,...

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Nanostructured Vanadium Oxide Electrodes for Enhanced Lithium‐Ion Intercalation

Wang

Takahashi²,

Lee

et al. 2006

Adv Funct Materials

433

295

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This article summarizes our most recent studies on improved Li+‐intercalation properties in vanadium oxides by engineering the nanostructure and interlayer structure. The intercalation capacity and rate are enhanced by almost two orders of magnitude with appropriately fabricated nanostructures. Processing methods for single‐crystal V2O5 nanorod arrays, V2O5·n H2O nanotube arrays, and Ni/V2O5·n H2O core/shell nanocable arrays are presented; the morphologies, structures, and growth mechanisms of these nanostructures are discussed. Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that the intercalation properties of all three types of nanostructure exhibit significantly enhanced storage capacity and rate performance compared to the film electrode of vanadium pentoxide. Addition of TiO2 to orthorhombic V2O5 is found to affect the crystallinity, microstructure, and possible interaction force between adjacent layers in V2O5, and subsequently leads to enhanced Li+‐intercalation properties in V2O5. The amount of water intercalated in V2O5 is found to have a significant influence on the interlayer spacing and electrochemical performance of V2O5·n H2O. A systematic electrochemical study has demonstrated that the V2O5·0.3 H2O film has the optimal water content and exhibits the best Li+‐intercalation performance.

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Sol–gel-derived vanadium and titanium oxides as cathode materials in high-temperature lithium polymer-electrolyte cells

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Carbon nanocage supported synthesis of V2O5 nanorods and V2O5/TiO2 nanocomposites for Li-ion batteries

Carbon nanocage supported synthesis of V2O5 nanorods and V2O5/TiO2 nanocomposites for Li-ion batteries

Dióxido de titânio sol-gel: propriedades e comportamento eletrocrômico

Nanostructured Vanadium Oxide Electrodes for Enhanced Lithium‐Ion Intercalation

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