Sol−Gel Template Synthesis and Characterization of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> and PbTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanotubes

Hernandez, Bernadette A.; Chang, Ki Soo; Fisher, Ellen R.; Dorhout, Peter K.

doi:10.1021/cm010998c

Cited by 294 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…6 Using a sol-gel template method of synthesis, Hernandez et al have fabricated BaTiO 3 and PbTiO 3 nanotubes within 200 nm alumina templates. 7 Some interesting properties have also been found in ferroelectric nanowires. For example, BaTiO 3 nanowires as small as 10 nm in diameter still retain ferroelectricty, and nonvolatile polarization domains as small as 100 nm 2 in size can be induced on BaTiO 3 nanowires.…”

Section: (Received 22 June 2004; Accepted 4 September 2004)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis and piezoresponse of highly ordered Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 nanowire arrays

Zhang

Zhao

Lai

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

154

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We report the synthesis and characterization of ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate Pb͑Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47 ͒O 3 (PZT) nanowires. The PZT nanowires, with diameters of about 45 nm and lengths of about 6 m, were fabricated by means of a sol-gel method utilizing nanochannel alumina templates. After postannealing at 700°C, the PZT nanowires exhibit a polycrystalline microstructure, and x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy study revealed their perovskite crystal structure. Recently, increasing efforts have been made to synthesize and understand ferroelectric nanostructures because of the promise they show in the realization of nanoscale piezoelectric transducers and actuators, ultrasonic devices, and nonvolatility memory devices. [1][2][3][4][5] As ferroelectricity represents a cooperative phenomenon that relies on the interaction of neighboring permanent electric dipoles in a crystal lattice, there is a size limit, known as the superparaelectric limit, below which ferroelectricity vanishes. Therefore, the synthesis of ferroelectric nanostructures of a controllable size and shape is of great interest not only for future applications but also from a fundamental point of view. Urban and coworkers have reported earlier the synthesis of BaTiO 3 and SrTiO 3 nanorods with diameters ranging from 5 to 60 nm by a solution-phase decomposition of bimetallic alkoxide precursors in the presence of coordinating ligands.6 Using a sol-gel template method of synthesis, Hernandez et al. have fabricated BaTiO 3 and PbTiO 3 nanotubes within 200 nm alumina templates.7 Some interesting properties have also been found in ferroelectric nanowires. For example, BaTiO 3 nanowires as small as 10 nm in diameter still retain ferroelectricty, and nonvolatile polarization domains as small as 100 nm 2 in size can be induced on BaTiO 3 nanowires. This suggests that ferroelectric nanowires may be used to fabricate nonvolatile memory devices with an integration density approaching 1 terabit/ cm 2 . 8Lead zirconate titanate Pb͑Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47 ͒O 3 (PZT) is a ferroelectric material that possesses a perovskite crystal structure, and shows a high potential for applications in device due to its high dielectric constant, high Curie temperature, and high breakdown strength. PZT nanotubes have been obtained within silicon and nanochannel alumina (NCA) templates by using several different deposition techniques, including misted chemical solution deposition and pore wetting. 3,9 In this letter, we report the synthesis of the PZT nanowires by using a sol-gel template method. We choose NCA as the template because the pore diameters of the NCA template can be well controlled from several hundreds of nanometers to 5 nm. Ferroelectric properties have been demonstrated in individual PZT nanowires by using piezoresponse force microcopy (PFM).NCA templates were prepared by means of anodization, 10,11 and the PZT nanowires were synthesized by sol-gel method utilizing the NCA templates. A PZT sol-gel precursor was prepared according to a previous report, 12...

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Section: (Received 22 June 2004; Accepted 4 September 2004)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis and piezoresponse of highly ordered Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 nanowire arrays

Zhang

Zhao

Lai

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

154

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“…3,4 Sol-gel processing has also recently evolved as a powerful approach for synthesizing one dimensional nanostructures of ceramic materials based on AAO templates. [5][6][7] For example, BaTiO 3 and PbTiO 3 ceramic nanotubes were synthesized by wetting ordered nanoporous AAO templates with a sol-gel precursor solution. 7 Multiferroic materials have drawn an increasing amount of interest due to their capability of efficient energy transfer between electric energy and magnetic energy and their potential applications in many multifunctional devices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7] For example, BaTiO 3 and PbTiO 3 ceramic nanotubes were synthesized by wetting ordered nanoporous AAO templates with a sol-gel precursor solution. 7 Multiferroic materials have drawn an increasing amount of interest due to their capability of efficient energy transfer between electric energy and magnetic energy and their potential applications in many multifunctional devices. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Several synthesis methods have been developed for multiferroic composite materials in the bulk form, such as eutectic unidirectional solidification, 14 ceramic sintering, 15 glue bonded laminates, [16][17][18][19][20] tape casting, 21 and hot molding; 22 and in the film form, such as pulsed laser deposition, 11,23,24 physical vapor deposition, 25 and sol-gel process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13] Several synthesis methods have been developed for multiferroic composite materials in the bulk form, such as eutectic unidirectional solidification, 14 ceramic sintering, 15 glue bonded laminates, [16][17][18][19][20] tape casting, 21 and hot molding; 22 and in the film form, such as pulsed laser deposition, 11,23,24 physical vapor deposition, 25 and sol-gel process. [5][6][7] However, the preparation of one dimensional composite multiferroic nanostructures with both magnetic and ferroelectric phases, for example, magnetic core and ferroelectric shell nanowires, remains an open challenge. This work demonstrates a synthesis method for core-shell nanowire arrays with a NiFe 2 O 4 core and Pb͑Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 ͒O 3 ͑PZT͒ shell using a modified sol-gel process and electrochemical deposition technique.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of ordered arrays of multiferroic NiFe2O4-Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 core-shell nanowires

Liu

Imrane

et al. 2007

Applied Physics Letters

119

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A synthesis method was developed for producing core-shell nanowire arrays, which involved a combination of a modified sol-gel process, electrochemical deposition, and subsequent oxidization in anodized nanoporous alumina membranes. This method was applied to generate ordered arrays of one dimensional multiferroic NiFe2O4 core and Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) shell nanostructures. Extensive microstructural, magnetic, and ferroelectric characterizations confirmed that the regular arrays of core-shell multiferroic nanostructures were composed of a spinel NiFe2O4 core and perovskite PZT shell. This synthesis method can be readily extended to prepare different core-shell nanowire arrays and is expected to pave the way for one dimensional core-shell nanowire arrays.

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“…Due to their novel size-dependent properties ferroelectric nanoscale structures of perovskites PbTiO 3 , BaTiO 3 , and SrTiO 3 (nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods) have attracted extensive synthetic attention [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Monoperiodic nanotube/nanowire systems offer fundamental scientific opportunities for investigating the influence of size and dimensionality of materials with respect to their optical, magnetic and electronic properties [7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LCAO calculations of SrTiO₃nanotubes

Ėvarestov¹,

Bandura²

2011

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Sol−Gel Template Synthesis and Characterization of BaTiO₃ and PbTiO₃ Nanotubes

Cited by 294 publications

References 15 publications

Synthesis and piezoresponse of highly ordered Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 nanowire arrays

Synthesis and piezoresponse of highly ordered Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 nanowire arrays

Synthesis of ordered arrays of multiferroic NiFe2O4-Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 core-shell nanowires

LCAO calculations of SrTiO₃nanotubes

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Sol−Gel Template Synthesis and Characterization of BaTiO3 and PbTiO3 Nanotubes

Cited by 294 publications

References 15 publications

Synthesis and piezoresponse of highly ordered Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 nanowire arrays

Synthesis and piezoresponse of highly ordered Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 nanowire arrays

Synthesis of ordered arrays of multiferroic NiFe2O4-Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 core-shell nanowires

LCAO calculations of SrTiO3nanotubes

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Sol−Gel Template Synthesis and Characterization of BaTiO₃ and PbTiO₃ Nanotubes

LCAO calculations of SrTiO₃nanotubes