Solanum and Its Close Relatives in Florida

Abstract

Among the wide variety of plants received for determination by the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, members of the genus Solatium and its close relatives Lycianthes and Lycopersicon appear from time to time. Prompted as an aid to identification of such materials, this paper includes 32 tli Table 1 lists the Florida taxa with some of their characteristics. The assemblage is a good representation of the diversity in the group, yet members are recognizable by even unsophisticated workers as belonging to Solanum or a genus much like it. The taxonomic diversity of the Florida species facilitates their identification, especially of the introduced species, but some native groups are undergoing evolution, and their taxonomic distinctions are not so clear. To separate the taxa, Key No. 1 (p. 830) makes use of vegetative and floral characters, and Key No. 2 (p. 833) makes use of characters of the fruit. MethodsLiving plants were studied in most counties of Florida during the years 1966-68, and many plants were grown in the greenhouse in Gainesville from seed collected during field visits. Seed from a number of non-Florida sources, particularly New Zealand, California, and the Antilles was grown out for comparison. Major North American and European herbarium holdings of Solanum specimens from Florida were studied either through loans or personal visits. Chromosomes of several taxa were counted using anther squash technique, and some of these counts were reported earlier ( D'Arcy, 1969 ) .The count of Solanum racemosum reported here was made from root tip squashes. In noting chromosome counts, usually only one recent report is cited although, there are sometimes more in the literature. Pollen was acetolysed according to the method of Erdtman (1952) using Florida material. Measurements are the range of ten normal grains from three different plants, or where fewer plants were available, from one or more flowers.1 Revised portion of a thesis written under the guidance of D. B. Ward and submitted to the University of Florida in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the M.S. degree. Financial support was provided through the offices of D. B. Ward and H. L. Popenoe, both of the University of Florida, and W. H. Lewis, Washington University, St. Louis. Curators and other associates of the many herbaria who lent specimens, sent seed, provided bibliographic and nomenclatural advice and otherwise assisted are acknowledged with gratitude. The following deserve special mention: R. A. Howard,

A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)

“…Henderson 1974, Heiser et al 1979) while a synonym or infraspecific taxon of S. americanum by others (e.g. Edmonds 1971; D’Arcy 1974a, b; Symon 1981). Manoko et al (2007) used AFLP data to study the relationship between the two taxa, but used different taxon concepts than we adopt here, in part because their examination of type specimens was limited.…”

“…Interspecific crosses can be produced between most species within ploidy levels, although fertility is not always high and some breeding barriers exist (Edmonds 1977, 1979a; Olet 2004). Putative hybridisation in the wild has been reported between co-occurring diploid species in North America and Australia (Stebbins and Paddock 1949; D’Arcy 1974b; Henderson 1974). Schilling and Heiser (1979), however, suggested that the ability to cross was not a useful taxonomic character in the morelloids.…”

A Revision of <I>Solanum</I> Section <I>Lathyrocarpum</I> (the Carolinense Clade, Solanaceae)

“…of Ontario and Quebec Provinces (Bassett and Munro 1986;Cayouette 1972), and except for a single unverified report of the species in Mexico from the states of Sonora, Tamaulipas The species has been introduced in many areas around the world and has been reported from Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Croatia, England, France, Georgian Republic, Germany, Haiti, India, Italy, Japan, Moldova, Nepal, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea, Turkey, and Ukraine (Cayouette 1972;Trapaidze 1972;D'Arcy 1974;Gazi-Baskova and Segulja 1978;Izhevskii et al 1981;Bassett and Munro 1986;Ouren 1987;Webb et al 1988;Park et al 2001;Merluzzi et al 2003;Li et al 2006;Imaizumi et al 2006;Eberwein and Litscher 2007;Dirkse et al 2007;Viggiani 2008;Yasuyuki et al 2010;Follak and Strauss 2010;Chinnusamy et al 2011;Klingenhagen et al 2012;Canadensys 2014).…”

Molecular Systematic Study of Variants of Solanum nigrum L. in India

“…Although some aspects of interrelationship and mechanism of evolution of higher chromosomal forms of the species of this complex have been studies by several investigators (Westergaard 1948, Tandan and Rao 1964, 1966, Chennaveeraiah and Patil 1968, Venkateswarlu and Krishna Rao 1972, D'Arcy 1974, Usha and Kaul 1974, Ganapathi and Rao 1986, Rao and Kumar 1981, a good deal of molecular marker work still remains to be done to present a clear picture of the origin and evolutionary relationship of the Indian variants of this complex. Many authors have presented criteria for hybrid identification (Wagner 1969, Gottlieb 1972) that have been summarized by Stace (1975).…”