Solanum nigrum Fruit Extract Modulates Immune System Activity of Mealworm Beetle, Tenebrio molitor L.

Urbański, Arkadiusz; Konopińska, N.; Bylewska, Natalia; Gmyrek, Radosław; Spochacz, Marta; Bufo, Sabino Aurelio; Adamski, Zbigniew

doi:10.3390/toxins15010068

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It is therefore necessary to remove such metabolites during product purification, depleting them not only below the level of toxicity but below the minimum effect level, which may be unknown or difficult to determine. Furthermore, the specific compound in a plant extract that triggers a given biological reaction (such as the impairment of immune responses) may not yet be known ( Harwanto et al, 2022 ; Urbański et al, 2023 ). Establishing and updating systematic databases of plant-derived toxins ( Günthardt et al, 2018 ) can help to ascertain the risks associated with certain plant hosts in a rational manner.…”

Section: Host-related Safety Aspects Of Plant Molecular Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Product safety aspects of plant molecular farming

Buyel

2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Plant molecular farming (PMF) has been promoted since the 1990s as a rapid, cost-effective and (most of all) safe alternative to the cultivation of bacteria or animal cells for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins. Numerous plant species have been investigated for the production of a broad range of protein-based drug candidates. The inherent safety of these products is frequently highlighted as an advantage of PMF because plant viruses do not replicate in humans and vice versa. However, a more nuanced analysis of this principle is required when considering other pathogens because toxic compounds pose a risk even in the absence of replication. Similarly, it is necessary to assess the risks associated with the host system (e.g., the presence of toxic secondary metabolites) and the production approach (e.g., transient expression based on bacterial infiltration substantially increases the endotoxin load). This review considers the most relevant host systems in terms of their toxicity profile, including the presence of secondary metabolites, and the risks arising from the persistence of these substances after downstream processing and product purification. Similarly, we discuss a range of plant pathogens and disease vectors that can influence product safety, for example, due to the release of toxins. The ability of downstream unit operations to remove contaminants and process-related toxic impurities such as endotoxins is also addressed. This overview of plant-based production, focusing on product safety aspects, provides recommendations that will allow stakeholders to choose the most appropriate strategies for process development.

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Section: Host-related Safety Aspects Of Plant Molecular Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Product safety aspects of plant molecular farming

Buyel

2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Sublethal effects of GAs, such as disturbed development, food intake, and reproduction, were observed in T. molitor after the addition of pure GAs and S. nigrum fruit extract to food 18 . The injection of GAs and tomato leaf extract into T. molitor larvae affects lipid metabolism 19 ; in turn, the administration of S. nigrum fruit extract modulates insect immune system activity 20 in this species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of glycoalkaloid distribution in the tissues of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor)

Winkiel,

Chowański,

Sulli

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Solanine (SOL) and chaconine (CHA) are glycoalkaloids (GAs) produced mainly by Solanum plants. These plant secondary metabolites affect insect metabolism; thus, they have the potential to be applied as natural plant protection products. However, it is not known which GA concentration induces physiological changes in animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a quantitative analysis of SOL and CHA in the larvae of Tenebrio molitor using LC‒MS to assess how quickly they are eliminated or metabolised. In this experiment, the beetles were injected with 2 μL of 10−5 M SOL or CHA solution, which corresponds to a dosage range of 0.12–0.14 ng/mg body mass. Then, 0.5, 1.5, 8, and 24 h after GA application, the haemolymph (H), gut (G), and the remainder of the larval body (FB) were isolated. GAs were detected in all samples tested for 24 h, with the highest percentage of the amount applied in the FB, while the highest concentration was measured in the H sample. The SOL and CHA concentrations decreased in the haemolymph over time, while they did not change in other tissues. CHA had the highest elimination rate immediately after injection, while SOL slightly later. None of the GA hydrolysis products were detected in the tested samples. One possible mechanism of the detoxification of GAs may be oxidation and/or sequestration. They may be excreted by Malpighian tubules, with faeces or with cuticles during moulting. The results presented are significant because they facilitate the interpretation of studies related to the effects of toxic substances on insect metabolism.

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Solanum nigrum Fruit Extract Modulates Immune System Activity of Mealworm Beetle, Tenebrio molitor L.

Cited by 2 publications

References 52 publications

Product safety aspects of plant molecular farming

Product safety aspects of plant molecular farming

Analysis of glycoalkaloid distribution in the tissues of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor)

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