Solar cycle variations in mesospheric carbon monoxide

Lee, Jae N.; Wu, Dong L.; Ruzmaikin, A.; Fontenla, J. M.

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2018.02.001

Cited by 15 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The seasonal variations of nighttime ozone are quite similar to those of CO, indicating similar dynamical and photochemical processes associated with atomic oxygen. Details of the CO climatology have been described by Lee et al ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Cycle Modulation of Nighttime Ozone Near the Mesopause as Observed by MLS

Lee

2020

Earth and Space Science

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Eleven-year solar cycle variations of nighttime ozone near the secondary ozone maximum layer in the mesosphere are analyzed with Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations since 2004, fully covering solar cycle 24. Produced primarily from the recombination of molecular oxygen (O 2 ) with atomic oxygen (O) transported from the lower thermosphere, the mesospheric nighttime ozone concentration is proportional to atomic oxygen density [O], which itself is modulated by ultraviolet (UV) solar cycle variations. MLS nighttime ozone data and UV data at 240 nm from Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Solar-Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) show a positive correlation over the solar cycle. Nighttime O 3 and nighttime carbon monoxide (CO) distributions are highly correlated with each other with similar seasonal and solar cycle variations, because both [O 3 ] and [CO] depend strongly on UV photolysis and are modulated by Eddy diffusion in this region. Nighttime ozone correlates strongly with temperature, with a generally positive correlation, except at high latitudes during boreal winter.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Cycle Modulation of Nighttime Ozone Near the Mesopause as Observed by MLS

Lee

2020

Earth and Space Science

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“…Lee et al () recently showed carbon monoxide increase during solar maximum, as observed by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder and by WACCM 3.5 simulations. Their work showed how the residual circulation and photochemistry can drive the SC variation of CO over the winter hemisphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Solar Cycle Response of CO₂ Over the Austral Winter Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region

et al. 2018

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This work uses Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry CO2 data from 2002 to 2015 and Specified Dynamics‐Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD‐WACCM) outputs from 1979 to 2014 to show, for the first time, the solar cycle response of CO2 in the Austral winter mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. Both Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry and SD‐WACCM show that CO2 experiences a decrease during solar maximum throughout the Austral winter mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. This work highlights the regions where CO2 experiences its strongest and weakest solar cycle responses as modeled by SD‐WACCM. The region with the strongest solar cycle response experiences around 5% reduction in CO2 between solar maximum and solar minimum. The region with weakest solar cycle response experiences less than 1% reduction in CO2 between solar maximum and solar minimum. It is shown that the region of the strongest CO2 response is driven by photodissociation, downwelling, and reduced eddy diffusion. On the other hand, the region of the weakest CO2 response is driven by the opposing effects of photodissociation and enhanced eddy diffusion. This is the first work to show that the solar cycle could affect the Austral winter lower thermosphere circulation and eddy diffusion processes. These anomalies in the lower thermospheric circulation and eddy diffusion are found to be related to the solar cycle response in the Austral winter mesosphere wave‐mean flow dynamics. This work therefore concludes that the solar cycle affects lower thermospheric CO2 via modulations of the lower thermospheric circulation and eddy diffusion processes.

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“…We support the statement that “QBO amplitude in the lowermost stratosphere is a consistent projection of global models and represents a subtle, but telling, part of the ‘fingerprint’ of the expected response of the climate system to anthropogenic climate forcing” (Kawatani & Hamilton, ). However, uncertainties remain, especially for solar cycle variabities in CO (Lee et al, ) and HOx chemistry (Li et al, ; Wang et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ruzmaikin et al () presented a 2‐D pattern of solar cycle variation of CO. Lee et al () pointed out that the model simulations underestimated the mean CO amount and solar cycle variations of CO, by a factor of 3, compared to those obtained from Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations. Kane () and Sitnov () studied the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in tropospheric CO mixing ratio and column CO, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the work of Allen81, a number of papers have been written to further our understanding of CO in the middle atmosphere using observations and modeling (Allen et al, 2000;Garcia et al, 2007;Gunson et al, 1990;Lee et al, 2011Lee et al, , 2013Lee et al, , 2018Minschwaner et al, 2010;Ruzmaikin et al, 2014;Solomon et al, 1985). Ruzmaikin et al (2014) presented a 2-D pattern of solar cycle variation of CO. Lee et al (2018) pointed out that the model simulations underestimated the mean CO amount and solar cycle variations of CO, by a factor of 3, compared to those obtained from Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations. Kane (2005) and Sitnov (2008) studied the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in tropospheric CO mixing ratio and column CO, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation on Carbon Monoxide in the Stratosphere

Yung

Long

Jiang

et al. 2019

Earth and Space Science

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The interannual variability of tropical carbon monoxide from the Microwave Limb Sounder over 2004–2018 period is dominated by the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO). We simulate the carbon monoxide variability over this period using the 2‐D Caltech/JPL chemistry‐transport model. The chemistry‐transport model includes the photochemical sources and sinks and transport driven by a stream function and eddy diffusivity derived from the assimilated winds of National Centers for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis 2. The results show good agreement between model and Microwave Limb Sounder observations. We also investigate the anomalous period 2015–2016, when the QBO winds deviated significantly from their climatological values. The model simulations could capture the QBO features in agreement with observations for the anomalous period.

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Solar cycle variations in mesospheric carbon monoxide

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Solar Cycle Modulation of Nighttime Ozone Near the Mesopause as Observed by MLS

Solar Cycle Modulation of Nighttime Ozone Near the Mesopause as Observed by MLS

Solar Cycle Response of CO₂ Over the Austral Winter Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region

Effect of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation on Carbon Monoxide in the Stratosphere

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Solar cycle variations in mesospheric carbon monoxide

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Solar Cycle Modulation of Nighttime Ozone Near the Mesopause as Observed by MLS

Solar Cycle Modulation of Nighttime Ozone Near the Mesopause as Observed by MLS

Solar Cycle Response of CO2 Over the Austral Winter Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region

Effect of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation on Carbon Monoxide in the Stratosphere

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Solar Cycle Response of CO₂ Over the Austral Winter Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region