Solar-driven ultrafast lithium extraction from low-grade brine using microfluidics-mediated vortex in scalable electrochemical reactors

Zhang, Xianyun; Li, Zhen; Liu, Jiang; Xu, Fuzong; Zheng, Leiliang; Wolf, Stefaan De; Lai, Zhiping; Li, Xu

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.140074

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…[31,55] It should be noted that high-purity (>99.9%, battery grade) Li 2 CO 3 could be then prepared by carbonization and recrystallization processes. [56,57]…”

Section: Preparation Of Large-area Gem-tmc Membranes and Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Gemini‐Electrolytes for Scalable Mg²⁺/Li⁺ Separation Membranes and Modules

Peng,

Su,

Liu

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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High performance polyamide nanofiltration membranes play important roles in Mg2+/Li+ separation and Li+ extraction, but they are prepared via multiple time‐/labor demanding steps. Both the scalability of these membranes and the engineering of membrane modules remain an elusive challenge. Here the design of a Gemini‐electrolyte monomer (GEM) featuring bidentate amine groups, quaternary ammonia, and endocyclic contorted conformation is reported. The monomer's low interfacial diffusivity is balanced by high condensational reactivity during its interfacial polymerization with trimesoyl chloride (TMC), leading to the straightforward formation of defect‐free, ≈14 nm thick membranes. The membrane shows the highest permeance (≈19.2 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) among Mg2+/Li+ nanofiltration membranes prepared via straightforward interfacial polymerization without post‐modification, combined with good Mg2+/Li+ selectivity (≈15.4) and stability. The validity of GEM design is verified by control monomers. Large‐area (1 × 2 m2) GEM‐TMC membranes and spiral‐wound modules (effective area: 0.5 m2) are prepared, both of which show reproducible and high performance.

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“…[31,55] It should be noted that high-purity (>99.9%, battery grade) Li 2 CO 3 could be then prepared by carbonization and recrystallization processes. [56,57]…”

Section: Preparation Of Large-area Gem-tmc Membranes and Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Gemini‐Electrolytes for Scalable Mg²⁺/Li⁺ Separation Membranes and Modules

Peng,

Su,

Liu

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Indeed, both the XPS and XRD confirmed the structure of Li 2 CO 3 product (Figure S20), the purity of Li 2 CO 3 was about 98.6 % tested by ICP (Figure 4k), which is very efficient considering that both the Mg 2 + concentration and Mg 2 + /Li + ratio in the original feed are high. [22] Furthermore, high-purity (> 99.9 %, battery grade) Li 2 CO 3 can be conveniently prepared by recrystallization or carbonization processes, [23] thus the MÀ E 1 + 2 module is efficient for lithium extraction from salt-lake brine.…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Lithium Extraction Membranes Derived from Tagged‐Modification of Polyamide Networks

Peng,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Efficient Mg2+/Li+ separation is crucial to combating the lithium shortage worldwide, yet current nanofiltration membranes suffer from low efficacy and/or poor scalability, because desirable properties of membranes are entangled and trade‐off. This work reported a “tagged‐modification” chemistry to tackle the challenge. A mixture of 3‐bromo‐trimethylpropan‐1‐aminium bromide (E1) and 3‐aminopropyl‐trimethylazanium (E2) was designed to modify polyethylenimine – trimesoyl chloride (PEI‐TMC) membranes. E1 and E2 reacted with the PEI and TMC, respectively, and thus, membrane properties (hydrophilicity, pore sizes, charge) were untangled and intensified simultaneously. Permeance (34.3 L m‐2 h‐1 bar‐1) and Mg2+/Li+ selectivity (23.2) of modified membranes are ~4 times and ~2 times higher than the pristine membrane, and remain stable in a 30‐days test. The permeance is the highest among all analogous nanofiltration membranes. The tagged‐modification method enables the preparation of large‐area membranes and modules that produce high‐purity Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) from simulated brine.

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“…1−4 Consequently, lithium has been dubbed as an "energy metal for promoting world progress" and "the white oil of the future." 5,6 With the targets of "dual carbon" driving the rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage industries, the demand for batteries has surged, and lithium batteries have specifically become the first choice owing to their high energy density, long service life, and relative environmental friendliness. 7,8 It is estimated that global annual sales of electric vehicles will reach 56 million by 2040, and energy storage development will exceed 1095 GW.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lithium and its compounds possess exceptional physical and chemical properties, making them indispensable in a wide range of materials and applications, such as batteries, ceramics and glass, lubricants, air treatment, polymer processing, nuclear industry, medical, aerospace, and metallurgy. − Consequently, lithium has been dubbed as an “energy metal for promoting world progress” and “the white oil of the future.” , With the targets of “dual carbon” driving the rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage industries, the demand for batteries has surged, and lithium batteries have specifically become the first choice owing to their high energy density, long service life, and relative environmental friendliness. , It is estimated that global annual sales of electric vehicles will reach 56 million by 2040, and energy storage development will exceed 1095 GW . Therefore, it is imperative to increase the supply of lithium resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Lithium Extraction from Shale Gas Wastewater Using Sodium Alginate/H_1.33Mn_1.67O₄ Composite Granular Adsorbents

Tian,

Yang,

Chen

et al. 2023

ACS EST Eng.

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Dual carbon policies have spurred rapid growth in the electric vehicle and energy storage industry, leading to a surge in demand for lithium batteries. To help meet this demand sustainably, the natural polymer sodium alginate (SA) was cross-linked with Ca 2+ , and the SA/hydrogen manganese oxide (HMO) composite granular adsorbent was successfully prepared by the crosslinking method. The aim is to extract lithium from shale gas wastewater in the Sichuan Basin, China. The produced microporous composite granular adsorbents have an average pore size of 20 nm and excellent hydrophilicity, with a swelling ratio of roughly 15 g/ g at a mass concentration of 3.5 wt % alginate and 2 wt % HMO. When deployed with real wastewater, this material achieved a lithium adsorption capacity of 4.3 mg/g. In laboratory-scale fixed-bed filtration experiments, the optimal adsorbent material was saturated after approximately 700 min at an approach velocity (hydraulic load) of 0.47 cm/min and using a total bed volume of 15 cm 3 containing approximately 0.55 g of adsorbent. In the subsequent recovery step of the adsorbed lithium through desorption, a lithium solution with a concentration of 113 mg/L was achieved. The results suggest that this novel composite granular adsorbent has promising adsorption capacity and that optimization of adsorption and desorption cycles and engineering of the separation system deploying this material would allow high-efficiency lithium adsorption.

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Solar-driven ultrafast lithium extraction from low-grade brine using microfluidics-mediated vortex in scalable electrochemical reactors

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Designing Gemini‐Electrolytes for Scalable Mg²⁺/Li⁺ Separation Membranes and Modules

Designing Gemini‐Electrolytes for Scalable Mg²⁺/Li⁺ Separation Membranes and Modules

Advanced Lithium Extraction Membranes Derived from Tagged‐Modification of Polyamide Networks

Efficient Lithium Extraction from Shale Gas Wastewater Using Sodium Alginate/H_1.33Mn_1.67O₄ Composite Granular Adsorbents

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Solar-driven ultrafast lithium extraction from low-grade brine using microfluidics-mediated vortex in scalable electrochemical reactors

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Designing Gemini‐Electrolytes for Scalable Mg2+/Li+ Separation Membranes and Modules

Designing Gemini‐Electrolytes for Scalable Mg2+/Li+ Separation Membranes and Modules

Advanced Lithium Extraction Membranes Derived from Tagged‐Modification of Polyamide Networks

Efficient Lithium Extraction from Shale Gas Wastewater Using Sodium Alginate/H1.33Mn1.67O4 Composite Granular Adsorbents

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Designing Gemini‐Electrolytes for Scalable Mg²⁺/Li⁺ Separation Membranes and Modules

Designing Gemini‐Electrolytes for Scalable Mg²⁺/Li⁺ Separation Membranes and Modules

Efficient Lithium Extraction from Shale Gas Wastewater Using Sodium Alginate/H_1.33Mn_1.67O₄ Composite Granular Adsorbents