Solar fuel production by developing an integrated biodiesel production process and solar thermal energy system

Mehrpooya, Mehdi; Ghorbani, Bahram; Bahnamiri, Fazele Karimian; Marefati, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114701

Cited by 39 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the above equation, F R , U L , and η opt are heat removal factor, heat loss coefficient, and optical efficiency, respectively, which can be estimated based on the following correlations 30,31 :

F_{R} = \frac{\overset{m}{true} . C_{p}}{A_{r} . U_{L}} . ([], 1 - \exp ((), - \frac{A_{r} . U_{L} . F^{'}}{\overset{m}{true} . C_{p}}))

U_{L} = {[\frac{A_{r}}{(h_{c, ca} + h_{r, ca}) . A_{c}} + \frac{1}{h_{r, italicrc}}]}^{- 1}

η_{opt} = ρ_{cl} . τ_{env} . α_{r} . γ . normalK ((), Θ) . X_{italicend,}

where, h c , ca , h r , ca , and h r , rc are heat transfer coefficients between cover/ambient and cover/receiver, respectively, and F ′ represents collector efficiency factor. Finally, the thermal efficiency of the PTSC, which is defined as the ratio of useful energy to the total incident radiation, can be calculated as follows 30 :

η_{PTSC} = \frac{Q_{u}}{G_{s} . A_{ap} . N_{PTSC}} .

…”

Section: System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The net power generated in the ORC is introduced into the SOEC system to supply the needed power by the electrolysis operation. Also, ORC electrical efficiency is expressed as follows 30 :

η_{ORC} = \frac{W_{net, ORC}}{Q_{in, ORC}} = \frac{W_{turbine} - W_{pump}}{Q_{410} - Q_{408}} .

…”

Section: System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy analysis of equipment is governed under the given operating condition by the conservation of mass and the first law of thermodynamics as follows 30 :

\sum {\dot{m}}_{in} = \sum {\dot{m}}_{out}

\sum {\dot{m}}_{in} h_{in} - \sum {\dot{m}}_{out} h_{out} = \overset{Q}{true} - \overset{W}{true} .

…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the energy perspective, the performance of the electricity generation unit (SOFC system) and renewable syngas production unit (solar ORC‐SOEC) and also overall performance of the plant can be evaluated as follows 2,30 :

η_{italicen, italicelectricity, italicLHV} = \frac{W_{net, FC}}{n_{fuel} \times {LHV}_{fuel}} = \frac{W_{net, FC}}{n_{NG} \times {LHV}_{NG}}

η_{italicen, italicsyngas, italicLHV} = \frac{{(n_{italicsyngas} \times {italicLHV}_{italicsyngas})}_{112} - {(n_{italicsyngas} \times {italicLHV}_{italicsyngas})}_{111}}{Q_{PTSC} + Q_{italicaux_italicheater}}

η_{italicen, italicoverall, italicLHV} = \frac{W_{italicnet, italicFC} + {(n_{italicsyngas} \times {italicLHV}_{italicsyngas})}_{116}}{n_{NG} \times {LHV}_{NG} + Q_{PTSC} + Q_{a normalu x_italicheater}} .

…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exergy analysis can be applied as a valuable technique to find the system irreversibility, and discover the points where enhancement in thermodynamic efficiency could be obtained 34 . For a material stream, exergy is expressed based on the following equation 30 :

\overset{Ex}{true} = {\dot{Ex}}_{ph} + {\dot{Ex}}_{ch},

where,

{\dot{Ex}}_{ph}

and

{\dot{Ex}}_{ch}

are physical end chemical exergies, respectively, and can be calculated as Reference 30:

{\dot{Ex}}_{ph} = \overset{m}{true} ((), h - h_{0} - T_{0} ((), s - s_{0}))

{\dot{Ex}}_{ch} = \overset{m}{true} ((), \sum_{i} y_{i} e_{italicch, i} + italicRT \sum_{i} y_{i} \ln y_{i}) .

…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An integrated process configuration of solid oxide fuel/electrolyzer cells (SOFC‐SOEC) and solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for cogeneration applications

2021

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Summary This research work presents a novel integrated structure for the cogeneration of electricity and renewable syngas. The base structure of the process is developed by solid oxide cells in which electricity is generated by the natural gas‐fueled fuel cell unit, and renewable syngas is produced by the electrolyzer cell unit. Direct integration between fuel cell and electrolyzer cell units is established for optimal use of fuel cell off‐gases. To improve system's sustainability, a solar power cycle, including solar collectors coupled with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), is designed to provide renewable electricity for steam and CO2 co‐electrolysis operation. 1D mathematical approaches are developed in Aspen Custom Modeler to predict concentration, temperature, and current density distributions inside fuel cell and electrolyzer cell units. Moreover, to verify the accuracy of the used approaches, equations, and models, a comprehensive validation is carried out with literature. Also, a qualitative structural comparison is made with the simultaneous electricity and hydrogen production concept existing in the literature. The parametric study shows that the fuel cell unit efficiencies have a direct relation with the fuel utilization factor, while the overall efficiencies of the plant change inversely. Also, the study of the effects of electrolyzer voltage and turbine inlet pressure shows that the proposed plant is more efficient at lower voltages and higher pressures. At the design conditions, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the fuel cell unit can reach 51.71% and 49.63%, respectively. Also, the renewable syngas production unit has an energy efficiency of 12.96% and an exergy efficiency of 17.30%. Moreover, the overall efficiencies of the plant are calculated as 20.14% and 30.28% from energy and exergy viewpoints, respectively.

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F_{R} = \frac{\overset{m}{true} . C_{p}}{A_{r} . U_{L}} . ([], 1 - \exp ((), - \frac{A_{r} . U_{L} . F^{'}}{\overset{m}{true} . C_{p}}))

U_{L} = {[\frac{A_{r}}{(h_{c, ca} + h_{r, ca}) . A_{c}} + \frac{1}{h_{r, italicrc}}]}^{- 1}

η_{opt} = ρ_{cl} . τ_{env} . α_{r} . γ . normalK ((), Θ) . X_{italicend,}

η_{PTSC} = \frac{Q_{u}}{G_{s} . A_{ap} . N_{PTSC}} .

…”

Section: System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The net power generated in the ORC is introduced into the SOEC system to supply the needed power by the electrolysis operation. Also, ORC electrical efficiency is expressed as follows 30 :

η_{ORC} = \frac{W_{net, ORC}}{Q_{in, ORC}} = \frac{W_{turbine} - W_{pump}}{Q_{410} - Q_{408}} .

…”

Section: System Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy analysis of equipment is governed under the given operating condition by the conservation of mass and the first law of thermodynamics as follows 30 :

\sum {\dot{m}}_{in} = \sum {\dot{m}}_{out}

\sum {\dot{m}}_{in} h_{in} - \sum {\dot{m}}_{out} h_{out} = \overset{Q}{true} - \overset{W}{true} .

…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

η_{italicen, italicelectricity, italicLHV} = \frac{W_{net, FC}}{n_{fuel} \times {LHV}_{fuel}} = \frac{W_{net, FC}}{n_{NG} \times {LHV}_{NG}}

η_{italicen, italicsyngas, italicLHV} = \frac{{(n_{italicsyngas} \times {italicLHV}_{italicsyngas})}_{112} - {(n_{italicsyngas} \times {italicLHV}_{italicsyngas})}_{111}}{Q_{PTSC} + Q_{italicaux_italicheater}}

η_{italicen, italicoverall, italicLHV} = \frac{W_{italicnet, italicFC} + {(n_{italicsyngas} \times {italicLHV}_{italicsyngas})}_{116}}{n_{NG} \times {LHV}_{NG} + Q_{PTSC} + Q_{a normalu x_italicheater}} .

…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

\overset{Ex}{true} = {\dot{Ex}}_{ph} + {\dot{Ex}}_{ch},

where,

{\dot{Ex}}_{ph}

and

{\dot{Ex}}_{ch}

are physical end chemical exergies, respectively, and can be calculated as Reference 30:

{\dot{Ex}}_{ph} = \overset{m}{true} ((), h - h_{0} - T_{0} ((), s - s_{0}))

{\dot{Ex}}_{ch} = \overset{m}{true} ((), \sum_{i} y_{i} e_{italicch, i} + italicRT \sum_{i} y_{i} \ln y_{i}) .

…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An integrated process configuration of solid oxide fuel/electrolyzer cells (SOFC‐SOEC) and solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for cogeneration applications

2021

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Numerical investigation of a new combined energy system includes parabolic dish solar collector, Stirling engine and thermoelectric device

et al. 2021

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Summary According to new findings, the use of clean energy sources such as solar energy to supply energy (both electricity and heat) to human societies is essential. On the other hand, choosing the appropriate technology to convert solar energy into useful energy in the form of individual or combined systems is a fundamental issue. Individual solar energy systems have inherently low performance. However, their use in hybrid energy systems with other energy generation devices is key solution and shows high performance. The present work provides the performance of a new combined energy system composed of the parabolic dish solar collector (PDC), Stirling engine (SE) and thermoelectric device (TD) under various parameters. Sun is the main source of energy in this system, where, sunlight is focused on the PDC focal point by the parabolic shaped mirrors. Thus, the useful thermal power is produced by PDC and then feeds to the SE. The operating fluid of the engine is heated by this heat and converted into mechanical energy. Then, the mechanical energy is converted into electricity by a generator connected to the SE and the excess heat is lost from the engine. The exhaust of the SE transferred to the TEG hot end and produces further electricity. In addition, the TEC module absorbs the cooled environment heat and produces cooling energy (by consuming electricity from the TEG). Therefore, the proposed combined process provides the electricity, heat and cooling. The paper is based on the following three scenarios: (1) the system performance is evaluated under constant climatic conditions, (2) climate data from five various cities in Europe and Asia are used for system operation and (3) this scenario presents the general comparison between the two different hybrid energy systems driven by PDC and linear Fresnel reflector (LFR). In addition, multi‐objective optimization is provided to obtain the optimal performance of the developed hybrid system. The optimization results showed that, the optimum total output electricity and overall efficiency were 26.21 kW and 39.17%, respectively. It was also found that, average daily useful power generated by PDC in Moscow on 14‐June is 373.97 W/m2, which is about 11.1%, 1.55%, 33.3% and 14.23% more than Tehran, Beijing, Geneva and Kiev, respectively. Furthermore, increasing the temperature of PDC absorber improves the performance of SE and TD and subsequently improves the overall operation. Also, in terms of the PDC numbers, the system in the cities of Tehran, Beijing and Moscow has a better justification compared to the other two cities (Geneva and Kiev).

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Numerical evaluation of energy system based on Fresnel concentrating solar collector, Stirling engine, and thermoelectric generator with electrical energy storage

et al. 2021

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Summary The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual study of energy cycle performance consisting of two subsystems of electricity generation and storage. The introduced cycle is based on a linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) technology with a Stirling engine and thermoelectric generator (TG) to generate electricity and pumped‐hydro‐compressed air (PHCA) technology to store energy. Solar energy is converted into thermal energy through parabolic mirrors of the Fresnel and heating the fluid inside the collector. The resulting heat energy provides the required heat duty of the engine. This heat enters the Stirling cycle as input heat, and the mechanical energy convert into electricity. In addition, TG is thermally connected to the engine exhaust to generate additional electric energy. Then, the energy produced from the power generation subsystem is stored by the energy storage subsystem. Although many works had been done on the integrating of various solar thermal collectors and intermediate and/or downstream cycles, efforts had not been created to develop research on the combination of LFR, Stirling engine, TG, and PHCA system. Results showed that the power generation subsystem could generate 1.46 kW of electricity. The share of Stirling engine and TG in electricity generation was 72.6% and 27.4%, respectively. In addition, the power generation and energy storage efficiencies were 39.52% and 63.75%, respectively. Two different cases are offered for the design of the Fresnel solar field based on the useful power obtained.

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Solar fuel production by developing an integrated biodiesel production process and solar thermal energy system

Cited by 39 publications

References 39 publications

An integrated process configuration of solid oxide fuel/electrolyzer cells (SOFC‐SOEC) and solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for cogeneration applications

An integrated process configuration of solid oxide fuel/electrolyzer cells (SOFC‐SOEC) and solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for cogeneration applications

Numerical investigation of a new combined energy system includes parabolic dish solar collector, Stirling engine and thermoelectric device

Numerical evaluation of energy system based on Fresnel concentrating solar collector, Stirling engine, and thermoelectric generator with electrical energy storage

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