Solar Salt – Pushing an old material for energy storage to a new limit

Bonk, Alexander; Braun, Markus; Sötz, Veronika Anna; Bauer, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114535

Cited by 75 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Laves phases prove to be quite stable in the presented kind of steel [49,50]. The Laves phase precipitation is shown for LB2230, pre-oxidized LB2230 and Crofer ® 22H after 550 h of discontinuous corrosion testing in Figure 6.…”

Section: Laves Phase Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…At the German Aerospace Center (DLR), the third specimen of each alloy was isothermally aged in the same salt composition within an autoclave set-up [49,50] under a continuous flow of synthetic air of 6 sl/h. The samples were all placed in a common alumina crucible (i.e., no individual crucible for each specimen) and then covered by the salt mixture.…”

Section: Corrosion Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Approach to Low-Cost, Solar Salt-Resistant Structural Materials for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) and Thermal Energy Storage (TES)

Aarab

Kuhn

Bonk

et al. 2021

Metals

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“Concentrated solar power” (CSP) and thermal energy storage (TES) are promising renewable energy technologies, which have gained increasing interest and practical application in recent years. CSP and TES systems typically utilize molten salts such as the so-called “solar salt”, a mixture of 60 wt.% NaNO3 and 40 wt.% KNO3, for heat transfer and storage. The overall efficiency of commercially operating CSP and TES systems is currently limited, because of solar salt thermal stability, which prevents process temperatures higher than 600 °C. Even at these temperatures, corrosion of the structural materials applied in salt guiding pipework, tubes and containers is a matter of concern in long-term operation, which necessitates careful material selection. This paper outlines the superior salt corrosion behavior of a novel low-cost, Al2O3-forming, ferritic, Laves phase-strengthened (i.e., structural) steel in NaNO3/KNO3 solar salt at 600 °C. Directions for the further development of the LB2230 trial steel towards improved structural properties are derived in comparison to its predecessor Crofer®22 H.

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Section: Laves Phase Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Corrosion Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to Low-Cost, Solar Salt-Resistant Structural Materials for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) and Thermal Energy Storage (TES)

Aarab

Kuhn

Bonk

et al. 2021

Metals

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The interest is optimization and identification of molten salts mixtures with higher operation temperature. One research line is the optimized operation of existing Solar Salt [18,19]. Other work focuses on the identification and qualification of new salt classes.…”

Section: Integration Of Molten Salt Storage In Csp Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molten Salt Storage for Power Generation

Bauer

Odenthal

Bonk

2021

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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103

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Storage of electrical energy is a key technology for a future climate‐neutral energy supply with volatile photovoltaic and wind generation. Besides the well‐known technologies of pumped hydro, power‐to‐gas‐to‐power and batteries, the contribution of thermal energy storage is rather unknown. At the end of 2019 the worldwide power generation capacity from molten salt storage in concentrating solar power (CSP) plants was 21 GWhel. This article gives an overview of molten salt storage in CSP and new potential fields for decarbonization such as industrial processes, conventional power plants and electrical energy storage.

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“…With control of gas compositions over the salt storage tanks and salt chemistry, salt storage temperatures to 600°C may be possible. 14 These salts are chemically stable in air. CSP heat storage system capital costs are near $20/kWh of heat.…”

Section: Iiia1 Liquid Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Air-Brayton Power Cycles with Thermodynamic Topping Cycles, Assured Peaking Capacity, and Heat Storage for Variable Electricity and Heat

2020

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Electricity markets are changing because of (1) the addition of wind and solar generating capacity and (2) the goal of a low-carbon electricity grid. The large-scale addition of wind and solar photovoltaics results in low wholesale electricity prices at times of high wind and solar output and high prices at times of low wind and solar input. Today, gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) plants burning natural gas or oil provide dispatchable electricity and provide the most economic method to match electricity production with demand. Nuclear Air-Brayton Combined Cycles (NACCs) with heat storage and a thermodynamic topping cycle enable base-load nuclear plants with sodium or salt coolants to provide dispatchable electricity to the grid and heat to industry. This capability maximizes nuclear plant revenue and enables a base-load nuclear reactor with NACCs to be a low-carbon replacement for a GTCC. The NACC power cycle, alternative heat storage technologies, and development status of the different technologies are described. The technology applies to other heat generating technologies including hightemperature concentrated solar power and future fusion systems.

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Solar Salt – Pushing an old material for energy storage to a new limit

Cited by 75 publications

References 26 publications

A New Approach to Low-Cost, Solar Salt-Resistant Structural Materials for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) and Thermal Energy Storage (TES)

A New Approach to Low-Cost, Solar Salt-Resistant Structural Materials for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) and Thermal Energy Storage (TES)

Molten Salt Storage for Power Generation

Nuclear Air-Brayton Power Cycles with Thermodynamic Topping Cycles, Assured Peaking Capacity, and Heat Storage for Variable Electricity and Heat

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