Solar Thermal Processes

Chaïbi, M.T.; El-Nashar, Ali M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01150-4_6

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Solar collector is the major component of any solar system. In fact, this device absorbs the incoming solar radiation, converts it into the heat, and transfers this heat to a fluid which is customarily air, water, or oil flowing through the collector [21]. Then, the solar energy collected is carried from the circulating fluid either directly to the hot water or space conditioning equipment or to a thermal energy storage tank from which can be drawn for utilization at night and/or cloudy days.…”

Section: Solar Collectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A selected salt must be safe to handle, non-toxic, low-cost and easily available, its solubility should be temperature dependent and should not reduce significantly the insolation transmission characteristics of water [26]. The salts most commonly used are NaCl and MgCl2 [21]. Size and the salt used in solar ponds are important parameters need to be considered [27].…”

Section: Solar Pondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such ponds can be a reliable heat source in a broad scale of industrial and agricultural applications such as, space heating, process heating, desalination and electricity production. Solar ponds have several advantages over other solar technologies such as low cost per unit area of collector, inherent storage capacity and easily construction over large areas [21].…”

Section: Solar Pondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of Sustainable Energies for Purification of Water

et al. 2020

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Water and energy are the most important topics on the environment and sustainable energy development agenda. The social and economic health of the modern world depends on sustainable supply of both energy and water. Many areas worldwide suffering from fresh water shortage are becoming increasingly dependent on purification as a highly reliable and non-conventional source of fresh water. Therefore, purification market has greatly expanded in recent decades and expected to continue in the coming years. The integration of renewable energy resources in purification and water purification has become increasingly attractive. This is justified by the fact that areas of fresh water shortages have plenty of solar energy and these technologies can be used due to their low operating and maintenance costs. This review paper discusses the systems that can be used to harness renewable energy sources including, solar collectors, solar ponds, photovoltaics, wind energy and geothermal energy and finally a discussion and conclusion about some distinguished features of each process. Merging of these renewable energy sources with conventional sources has led to optimize the performance of purification plant, less maintenance requirement and reduction in overall cost. It was found that, to choose the best renewable energy source for a purification plant in a particular area, important determinative factors should be considered such as water salinity, area remoteness, plant size, technical infrastructure of the plant, capacity factor, energy consumption and capital cost of the equipment.

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Section: Solar Collectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solar Pondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solar Pondsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of Sustainable Energies for Purification of Water

et al. 2020

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“…Full accounts of solar stills within the context of seawater desalination have been presented [1] where an ex-…”

Section: History Of Solar Distillationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are other several designs for solar stills varying in complexity and applications. A thoughtful and extensive review of solar stills designs and their applications can be found in [1] [6] [16].…”

Section: Description Of a Single-basin Solar Stillmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of a Shallow Solar Still

Torchia-Núñez

Cervantes-de-Gortari²,

Porta-Gándara³

2014

EPE

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A detailed summary of the most relevant aspects of the thermodynamics of a shallow solar still is presented, including historical features not often found in the literature. Solar distillation has grown from applying empirical knowledge to advanced modeling and simulation. Geometrical, environmental and operational parameters of the solar still to heat transfer phenomena including evaporation and condensation, are taken into account in this overview, giving a comprehensive structure and classification to the study of solar stills from the thermodynamic point of view. The article describes global parameters, such as solar radiation, wind speed and thermal insulation among others and how they have been taken into account in the literature. Also, a distinction between internal and external heat transfer phenomena is proposed for clarification. Exergy balance is included to account for thermodynamic imperfections in the several processes inside the solar still. KeywordsSolar Still, Overview, Thermodynamics, Modeling, Exergy, Heat Transfer J. C. Torchia-Núñez et al. 247tensive description of various designs of solar stills, from the single-box still to the sophisticated mutiple-effect distiller and greenhouse-inclusive types are described. These authors mentioned that direct solar desalination systems had low operating and maintenance costs, but required large installation areas and high initial investment. However, this is an appropriate solution for remote areas and small communities in arid and semi-arid regions lacking water. These authors [1] pointed out that the first conventional solar still plant was built in 1872 by Charles Wilson in the mining community of Las Salinas in Northern Chile. This still was a large basin-type still used to supply fresh water from brackish feed water to the community, with a total capacity of about 23 m 3 /day and lasted 40 years until the mines were exhausted. A notable historical account of this project can be found in [2], which offers a social and historical background about Wilson, the solar distillation plant and other authors who wrote about it.Few other historic reviews with different emphases have been reported [3] for designs and experiences during the 50 s to 70 s; and more recently, an extensive account of solar stills has been published [4].Solar distillation is one of the oldest methods used to produce fresh water for different basic human needs. According to [5] and [6], one of the first treatises about solar distillation is De distillationelibri IX, written by G.B. della Porta in 1589. This work describes a solar distillation with glass hemispheres directly exposed to the sun. In [7] mentioned Lavoisier and its method of solar concentrators for heating alembics in 1770. It is also described in [7], manufacturing and operation advances of conventional basin and portable solar stills during WWII. This author analyzes some isolated elements of the solar still independently, showing different experimental results, such as the efficiency and fresh water production as a f...

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Introduction to Desalination

Kucera¹

2014

Desalination

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Solar Thermal Processes

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Utilization of Sustainable Energies for Purification of Water

Utilization of Sustainable Energies for Purification of Water

Thermodynamics of a Shallow Solar Still

Introduction to Desalination

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