Solar UV Radiation Drives CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation in Marine Phytoplankton: A Double-Edged Sword

Gao, Kunshan; Wu, Yaping; Li, Gang; Wu, Hongyan; Villafañe, Virginia E.; Helbling, E. Walter

doi:10.1104/pp.107.098491

Cited by 198 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Coupled with a maximum efficiency of photosynthesis by microalgae at approximately 27%, the maximum theoretical conversion of light energy to chemical energy by photosynthesis is approximately 11% (Gao et al, 2007).…”

Section: Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae for Africa: Microalgae as a source of food, feed and fuel in Kenya

Moejes¹,

Moejes²

2017

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic organisms that inhabit diverse ecological habitats ranging from freshwater and brackish water to seawater and wastewater. They are also especially equipped to thrive in extreme temperatures and pH conditions. Decades of research have highlighted their potential as sources of biofuels, foods, feeds and high-value bio-actives. However, industrial-scale cultivation of microalgae is still not being carried out to its full potential. This review aims to shed light on the potential of microalgal-derived food, feed and fuel in developing countries and to what extent microalgae could be applied to sustainable development efforts with a special focus on Kenya. The Kenyan government has set out a development policy termed 'Kenya Vision 2030' that aims to transform the nation into a newly industrialised country with a high quality of life for all its people by the year 2030. Here we show that, not only does Kenya lie in an optimal geographical region for microalgal cultivation, but that microalgae has the capability to fulfil some of the 'Kenya Vision 2030' goals.

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Section: Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae for Africa: Microalgae as a source of food, feed and fuel in Kenya

Moejes¹,

Moejes²

2017

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…The data from terrestrial flowering plants (Johnson & Day 2002;Correia et al 2005) do not permit a decision as to whether the C 4 CCM shows specific sensitivity to UV. No work seems to have been performed on the effect of UV-A when energizing photosynthesis (Gao et al 2007) on the functioning of CCMs.…”

Section: Regulation Of Ccmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms in photosynthesis

Raven

Cockell

Rocha

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

300

206

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Inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) catalyse the accumulation of CO 2 around rubisco in all cyanobacteria, most algae and aquatic plants and in C 4 and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) vascular plants. CCMs are polyphyletic (more than one evolutionary origin) and involve active transport of HCO K 3 , CO 2 and/or H C , or an energized biochemical mechanism as in C 4 and CAM plants. While the CCM in almost all C 4 plants and many CAM plants is constitutive, many CCMs show acclimatory responses to variations in the supply of not only CO 2 but also photosynthetically active radiation, nitrogen, phosphorus and iron. The evolution of CCMs is generally considered in the context of decreased CO 2 availability, with only a secondary role for increasing O 2 . However, the earliest CCMs may have evolved in oxygenic cyanobacteria before the atmosphere became oxygenated in stromatolites with diffusion barriers around the cells related to UV screening. This would decrease CO 2 availability to cells and increase the O 2 concentration within them, inhibiting rubisco and generating reactive oxygen species, including O 3 .

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“…UVA can energize algal photosynthesis (McLeod and Kanwisher 1962;Halldall 1964Halldall , 1967Mengelt and Prézelin 2005;Gao et al 2007;Xu and Gao 2010), but can also inhibit growth (Callieri et al 2001;Gao et a. 2007).…”

Section: Uvamentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal and aquatic plant carbon concentrating mechanisms in relation to environmental change

et al. 2011

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Abstract.Carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms (also known as inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms; both abbreviated as CCMs) presumably evolved under conditions of low CO 2 availability. However, the timing of their origin is unclear since there are no sound estimates from molecular clocks, and even if there were, there are no proxies for the functioning of CCMs. Accordingly, we cannot use previous episodes of high CO 2 (e.g. the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum) to indicate how organisms with CCMs responded. Present and predicted environmental change in terms of increased CO 2 and temperature are leading to increased CO 2 and HCO 3 -and decreased CO 3 2-and pH in surface seawater, as well as decreasing the depth of the upper mixed layer and increasing the degree of isolation of this layer with respect to nutrient flux from deeper waters. The outcome of these forcing factors is to increase the availability of inorganic carbon, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) to aquatic photolithotrophs and to decrease the supply of the nutrients (combined) nitrogen and phosphorus and of any non-aeolian iron. The influence of these variations on CCM expression has been examined to varying degrees as acclimation by extant organisms. Increased PAR increases CCM expression in terms of CO 2 affinity, while increased UVB has a range of effects in the organisms examined; little relevant information is available on increased temperature. Decreased combined nitrogen supply generally increases CO 2 affinity, decreased iron availability increases CO 2 affinity, and decreased phosphorus supply has varying effects on the organisms examined. There are few data sets showing interactions among the observed changes, and even less information on genetic (adaptation) 2 changes in response to the forcing factors. In freshwaters, changes in phytoplankton species composition may alter with environmental change with consequences for frequency of species with or without CCMs. The information available permits less predictive power as to the effect of the forcing factors on CCM expression than for their overall effects on growth. CCMs are currently not part of models as to how global environmental change has altered, and is likely to further alter, algal and aquatic plant primary productivity.Keywords CO 2 concentrating mechanism -combined nitrogen -inorganic carboniron -mixing depth -photosynthetically active radiation -phosphorus -temperature -UVA-UVB Abbreviations CCM CO 2 concentrating mechanism DOC Dissolved organic carbon PAR Photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm)Rubisco Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase UVA Ultraviolet A radiation (320-400 nm) UVB Ultraviolet B radiation (280-320 nm)

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Solar UV Radiation Drives CO₂ Fixation in Marine Phytoplankton: A Double-Edged Sword

Cited by 198 publications

References 36 publications

Algae for Africa: Microalgae as a source of food, feed and fuel in Kenya

Algae for Africa: Microalgae as a source of food, feed and fuel in Kenya

The evolution of inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms in photosynthesis

Algal and aquatic plant carbon concentrating mechanisms in relation to environmental change

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Solar UV Radiation Drives CO2 Fixation in Marine Phytoplankton: A Double-Edged Sword

Cited by 198 publications

References 36 publications

Algae for Africa: Microalgae as a source of food, feed and fuel in Kenya

Algae for Africa: Microalgae as a source of food, feed and fuel in Kenya

The evolution of inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms in photosynthesis

Algal and aquatic plant carbon concentrating mechanisms in relation to environmental change

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Solar UV Radiation Drives CO₂ Fixation in Marine Phytoplankton: A Double-Edged Sword