Solid-State and Submerged Fermentations Show Different Gene Expression Profiles in Cephalosporin C Production by <b><i>Acremonium chrysogenum</i></b>

Abstract

Despite the importance of Acremonium chrysogenum as the only cephalosporin C (CPC) producer, there is still a limited understanding about the molecular mechanisms regulating antibiotic biosynthesis in this fungus. Based on the previously described relationship between environmental pH and antibiotic production in numerous filamentous fungi, we studied the expression of genes related to CPC production in A. chrysogenum. We report for the first time similarities and differences, characterizing CPC production by A. chrysogenum under a variable pH environment, in submerged and solid-state fermentation. This characterization is supported by measurements of parameters, like CPC production, pH, growth, and expression levels of several genes involved, directly or indirectly, in CPC production. Interesting differences in intermediate (Pen N) and certain biosynthetic gene expression levels were observed. Our results point out some relationships between physiological features and gene expression that open important improvement perspectives for both culture systems.

The autophagy-related gene Acatg1 is involved in conidiation and cephalosporin production in Acremonium chrysogenum

“…So far, cephalosporin has been widely used in treatment of bacterial infectious diseases and is one of the major biotechnological products (Poggeler et al, 2008). In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding cephalosporin biosynthesis in A. chrysogenum (Dreyer et al, 2007;Long et al, 2013;Lopez-Calleja et al, 2012;Martin et al, 2010Martin et al, , 2012Schmitt et al, 2004aSchmitt et al, , 2004bSchmitt et al, , 2004cTeijeira et al, 2009). Cephalosporin production is extensively affected by different factors such as carbon and nitrogen sources, ambient pH and oxidative stress, indicating cephalosporin biosynthesis is highly controlled (Brakhage et al, 2009).…”

Dynamics of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Transcriptome during Bread Dough Fermentation

“…As a consequence, the movement of cells and diffusion of cellular metabolites and nutrients are limited, which may result in local gradients of temperature, moisture, pH, nutrients, and waste products (11). Moreover, the growth, gene expression profile, and metabolism of fungi during solid-state fermentation are different from those during liquidstate fermentation (7,(12)(13)(14). This might be due to a different cellular physiology of the fungi in the solid state compared to the liquid state.…”

Environmental cues that induce the physiology of solid medium: a study on lovastatin production byAspergillus terreus

“…A subsequent study, aiming to establish the causes of the superior lovastatin productivity in SSF, showed that higher production in SSF was related to higher expression of lovastatin biosynthetic genes (Barrios-Gonz alez et al 2008); similar results were later obtained with genes related to cephalosporin C biosynthesis (L opez-Calleja et al 2012).…”

“…); similar results were later obtained with genes related to cephalosporin C biosynthesis (López‐Calleja et al . ).…”