Solid-State Electrolyte for Lithium-Air Batteries: A Review

Abstract

Traditional lithium–air batteries (LABs) have been seriously affected by cycle performance and safety issues due to many problems such as the volatility and leakage of liquid organic electrolyte, the generation of interface byproducts, and short circuits caused by the penetration of anode lithium dendrite, which has hindered its commercial application and development. In recent years, the emergence of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) for LABs well alleviated the above problems. SSEs can prevent moisture, oxygen, and other contaminants from reaching the lithium metal anode, and their inherent performance can solve the generation of lithium dendrites, making them potential candidates for the development of high energy density and safety LABs. This paper mainly reviews the research progress of SSEs for LABs, the challenges and opportunities for synthesis and characterization, and future strategies are addressed.

Rethinking Energy Conservation and Generation for Sustainable Solutions-An Innovative Energy Circuitry Approach

“…Secondly, capacitors boast a longer cycle life compared to batteries, ensuring durability and reliability for repeated chargedischarge cycles. Lastly, their inherent efficiency, owing to low internal resistance, makes capacitors well-suited for applications requiring quick energy transfer [64][65][66][67].…”

“…Traditional batteries [68,69], such as Li-ion or Li-poly, provide higher energy density but may not match capacitors in terms of rapid energy release. Super-capacitors ( [67,[70][71][72]) offer a middle ground, combining aspects of both capacitors and batteries. Another alternative, the flywheel energy storage system [73,74], relies on mechanical rotation for energy storage, providing high power but at the cost of space efficiency.…”

Rethinking Energy Conservation and Generation for Sustainable Solutions-An Innovative Energy Circuitry Approach

“…Alternative Storage Units: While the capacitor-based system is chosen for its specific merits, alternative energy storage units are worth considering based on application requirements. Traditional batteries [68,69], such as Li-ion or Li-poly, provide higher energy density but may not match capacitors in terms of rapid energy release. Super-capacitors ( [67,[70][71][72]) offer a middle ground, combining aspects of both capacitors and batteries.…”

Titanium Dioxide-Based Nanocomposites: Properties, Synthesis, and Their Application in Energy Storage

“…Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries (Figure 2), which were first commercialized by Sony in 1991, have transformed portable electronics and are extensively utilized in various industries because of their enhanced performance in comparison to other battery types [5,10,11]. Though Li-ion batteries have more advantages than other types of batteries, their performance and strength in EVs are inadequate due to their low theoretical energy density (less than 350 Wh Kg −1 ) [4,12]. Furthermore, several obstacles stand in the way of their advancement, such as the unstable nature of the constituent parts, the short cycle life of existing designs, and the requirement for effective catalysts to expedite oxygen reactions [1,13].…”