Solid-State Fermentation: Special Physiology of Fungi

Barrios-González, Javier; Tarragó-Castellanos, M. Rosario

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19456-1_6-1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…For example, fungi cultivated on either solid or in liquid media can exhibit morphological and physiological differences [37]. As higher fungi evolved primarily as terrestrial organisms, they are well adapted to grow on solid substrates, hence cultivation in liquid culture may change their metabolic response [38]. For instance, solid state-related gene expression induction was observed for solid state fermentation-specific glucoamylase gene glaB of Aspergillus oryzae grown on a nylon membrane placed over an agar plate medium [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laccase Activity in Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica Is Affected by Growth Conditions and Fungal–Viral Genotypic Interactions

Nuskern

Tkalec

Srezović

et al. 2021

JoF

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Laccase activity reduction in the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica usually accompanies the hypovirulence caused by the infection of fungus with Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1). However, the different methods utilized for assessing this phenomenon has produced varied and often conflicting results. Furthermore, the majority of experimental setups included only one prototypic system, further confounding the results. Considering the diversity of fungal isolates, viral strains, and variability of their effects on the phytopathogenic process observed in nature, our goal was to ascertain if laccase activity variability is affected by (1) different C. parasitica isolates infected with several CHV1 strains, and (2) growth conditions. We have demonstrated that some CHV1 strains, contrary to previous assumptions, increase the activity of C. parasitica laccases. The specific fungal isolates used in the experiments and culture conditions also affected the results. Furthermore, we showed that two commonly used laccase substrates, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and 2,4-dimethoxyphenol, cannot be used interchangeably in C. parasitica laccase activity measurements. Our results illustrate the importance of conducting this type of study in experimental systems and culture conditions that resemble natural conditions as much as possible to be able to infer the most relevant conclusions applicable to natural populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laccase Activity in Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica Is Affected by Growth Conditions and Fungal–Viral Genotypic Interactions

Nuskern

Tkalec

Srezović

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…Of them, Aspergillus terreus is well examined as the expression of lovastatin biosynthetic genes in SSF. A. terreus produces lovastatin with higher yield compared to the submerged fermentation (Barrios‐González & Mejía, 2007; Tarragó‐Castellanos & Barrios‐González, 2017). The transcript accumulation levels of lovE (a transcription factor) and lovF (a polyketide synthase) in lovastatin biosynthetic cluster were examined by northern blotting analysis in submerged fermentation and SSF.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional moisture during koji preparation contributes to the pigment production of red koji (Monascus‐fermented rice) by influencing gene expression

Zeng

Yoshizaki

Yin

et al. 2021

Journal of Food Science

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Additional moisture in preparing red koji, Monascus‐fermented rice, is a characteristic production process. To determine how additional moisture affects red koji preparation as per quality, we compared the growth of Monascus purpureus, enzyme and pigment production, and related gene expressions using our findings. We considered two kinds of red koji: one prepared with additional moisture at the middle part of the preparation and the other prepared without additional moisture. Our results showed that additional moisture did not promote the growth of M. purpureus, but it was significantly increased the pigment (red and yellow) and tended to increase the α‐amylase level and saccharification power. Although adding a high amount of moisture (approximately 60% moisture content) promoted pigment production, it slightly repressed enzyme production. In contrast, adding approximately 50% moisture content promoted enzyme production. These findings showed that the additional moisture can affect the quality of red koji on the purpose. The expression of 10 pigment biosynthetic gene clusters and two glycohydrolase genes in red koji after adding moisture was analyzed through real‐time qPCR. Eight genes were upregulated within 1 hr after adding water, with mppR2 being the first upregulated gene within 30 min. The expression of genes as per pigment production quickly responded to additional moisture during solid‐state fermentation. Moreover, acetyl‐CoA, which is a starting substrate for pigment content in red koji was increased within 3 hr after adding water. This study first described the relationship between additional moisture and expression of pigment biosynthetic genes by Monascus spp. during red koji preparation.

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“…They have a complex life cycle and produce secondary metabolites during a specific developmental stage [ 42 ]; moreover, the actinomycete Streptomyces ceolicolor has been shown to have different transcriptome profiles in liquid and solid cultures, with genes related to the production of a hydrophobic coat and spore maturation being upregulated in solid culture [ 43 ]. Similar to fungi, actinomycetes grow on or in the soil and adapted to live as terrestrial [ 44 ]. Therefore the cultivation of actinomycetes strains in liquid culture might not be inducing some of the biosynthetic gene clusters that are triggered in their natural environment [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiofilm activity from endophyte bacteria, Vibrio cholerae strains, and actinomycetes isolates in liquid and solid culture

Michael

Waturangi

2023

BMC Microbiol

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Background Biofilm-associated infections are a global threat to our economy and human health; as such, development of antibiofilm compounds is an urgent need. Our previous study identified eleven environmental isolates of endophyte bacteria, actinomycetes, and two strains of Vibrio cholerae as having strong antibiofilm activity, but only tested crude extracts from liquid culture. Here we grew the same bacteria in solid culture to induce the formation of colony biofilms and the expression of genes that may ultimately produce antibiofilm compounds. This research aimed to compare antibiofilm inhibition and destruction activities between liquid and solid cultures of these eleven environmental isolates against the biofilms of representative pathogenic bacteria. Results We measured antibiofilm activity using the static antibiofilm assay and crystal violet staining. The majority of our isolates exhibited higher inhibitory antibiofilm activity in liquid media, including all endophyte bacteria, V. cholerae V15a, and actinomycetes strains (CW01, SW03, CW17). However, for V. cholerae strain B32 and two actinomycetes bacteria (TB12 and SW12), the solid crude extracts showed higher inhibitory activity. Regarding destructive antibiofilm activity, many endophyte isolates and V. cholerae strains showed no significant difference between culture methods; the exceptions were endophyte bacteria isolate JerF4 and V. cholerae B32. The liquid extract of isolate JerF4 showed higher destructive activity relative to the corresponding solid culture extract, while for V. cholerae strain B32 the solid extract showed higher activity against some biofilms of pathogenic bacteria. Conclusions Culture conditions, namely solid or liquid culture, can influence the activity of culture extracts against biofilms of pathogenic bacteria. We compared the antibiofilm activity and presented the data that majority of isolates showed a higher antibiofilm activity in liquid culture. Interestingly, solid extracts from three isolates (B32, TB12, and SW12) have a better inhibition or/and destruction antibiofilm activity compared to their liquid culture. Further research is needed to characterize the activities of specific metabolites in solid and liquid culture extracts and to determine the mechanisms of their antibiofilm actions.

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Solid-State Fermentation: Special Physiology of Fungi

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

Laccase Activity in Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica Is Affected by Growth Conditions and Fungal–Viral Genotypic Interactions

Laccase Activity in Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica Is Affected by Growth Conditions and Fungal–Viral Genotypic Interactions

Additional moisture during koji preparation contributes to the pigment production of red koji (Monascus‐fermented rice) by influencing gene expression

Antibiofilm activity from endophyte bacteria, Vibrio cholerae strains, and actinomycetes isolates in liquid and solid culture

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