Solid state mechano‐chemical grafting copolymerization of hydroxyethyl cellulose with acrylic acid

Abstract

The effects of mechanochemical treatment on hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and its grafting reaction with acrylic acid (AA) under solvent-free conditions were studied through a vibratory ball-milling machine, which was developed in our laboratory. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 13 C-NMR analysis were used to investigate the structural development of HEC during vibromilling and the grafting mechanism. Further development of the structure and properties of the graft copolymer was characterized by viscosity measurement, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and thermal gravity (TG) analysis. The FTIR results showed a new peak at 1720 cm À1 , corresponding to the C¼ ¼O absorbance peak of AA, which indicated that AA was successfully grafted onto HEC during the high-energy vibromilling of the HEC/AA mixture at ambient temperature in the absence of a solvent and a catalyst. The WAXD showed the destruction of crystals of HEC during the milling, and the TG analysis demonstrated the improvement of the thermal stability of the copolymer. The effects of the processing conditions on the grafting rate and grafting efficiency were studied by chemical titration to determine the optimum grafting conditions.

Degradation kinetics and molecular structure development of hydroxyethyl cellulose under the solid state mechanochemical treatment

“…Meanwhile, because of the advantages of the ball milling as solvent free, low reaction temperature, low energy consumed and great efficiency, the ball-milling processing should be one of the most suitable methods used on the modification of cellulosic materials (Pucciariello & Bonini, 2008). In our previous work, the grafting copolymerization of hydroxyethyl cellulose with acrylic acid in ball milling was successfully achieved (Chen, Yi, Wu, & Guo, 2009). In this work, the degradation kinetics of HEC during the milling and effecting factors such as milling time, charge ratio of steel ball/HEC, rotational speed on mechanochemical degradation are studied.…”

Synthesis and characterization of hydrophobic long-chain fatty acylated cellulose and its self-assembled nanoparticles

“…Now there have appeared large quantities of literatures concerning of this kind of polymers [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. After partial hydrophobization, the cellulose derivatives can be dissolved in common organic solvents, which makes the further functionalization much easier and better controlled.…”

Mechanochemical preparation of a novel polymeric photostabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride)

“…The photostabilizer was prepared through the mechanochemical reaction of PVC with the r‐LS in a vibratory ball‐milling machine developed in our laboratory 16–20. PVC powder (200 g) and 20 g of the r‐LS with various amounts of K 2 S 2 O 8 were added to the jar, which was loaded with steal balls.…”

“…It is an effective method for enhancing the compatibility of polymer blends and the interactions between polymers and fillers through stress‐induced chemical reactions between polymers and between polymer and fillers 11–15. Self‐plasticizing aids for PVC and a core–shell impact modifier for PVC have been prepared through mechanochemical degradation and the modification of PVC in our laboratory 16–20. Qiu and coworkers21, 22 found that maleic anhydride could be successfully grafted onto polypropylene by the ball‐milling method.…”

“…[11][12][13][14][15] Self-plasticizing aids for PVC and a core-shell impact modifier for PVC have been prepared through mechanochemical degradation and the modification of PVC in our laboratory. [16][17][18][19][20] Qiu and coworkers 21,22 found that maleic anhydride could be successfully grafted onto polypropylene by the ball-milling method.…”