Solid-state photochemical and photomechanical properties of molecular crystal nanorods composed of anthracene ester derivatives

Zhu, Lingyan; Agarwal, Arun; Lai, Jinfeng; Al‐Kaysi, Rabih O.; Tham, Fook S.; Ghaddar, Tarek H.; Mueller, Leonard J.; Bardeen, Christopher J.

doi:10.1039/c1jm10228a

Cited by 78 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…28 Those results clearly showed that the SSRD structure was different from the low energy SGD crystal. This made it impossible to determine the SSRD structure using single crystal XRD experiments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…28,45 Bulk samples of the solid-state reacted dimer (SSRD) were obtained through photodimerization of 9TBAE crystalline powders under argon using an ultraviolet (UV) bench lamp (365 nm, 15 W). 28,45 Bulk samples of the solid-state reacted dimer (SSRD) were obtained through photodimerization of 9TBAE crystalline powders under argon using an ultraviolet (UV) bench lamp (365 nm, 15 W).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One possible explanation is that the expansion has nothing to do with the crystal-to-crystal structure change, but instead arises from larger scale changes in crystal morphology, for example the creation of voids. 28 do not provide an accurate measure of the crystal orientation within the bulk nanorods. 7 Comparison of the SSRD PXRD pattern (points) with that calculated for the Pccn structure (line).…”

Section: Implications For the Mechanism Of Nanorod Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, is a good example of such a reaction. 28 Over a period of months, the SSRD was found to transform into the SGD. Subsequent experiments on 9TBAE and related esters showed that the photodimer product crystal was a metastable intermediate, denoted the "solid-state reacted dimer" (SSRD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystal structure of the meta-stable intermediate in the photomechanical, crystal-to-crystal reaction of 9-tert-butyl anthracene ester

et al. 2016

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The photodimerization of 9-tert-butyl-anthracene ester in molecular crystal nanorods can cause expansions of up to 15%. This expansion results from the formation of a metastable crystalline intermediate, the solid-state reacted dimer (SSRD). In this paper, a combination of powder X-ray diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and computational modeling is used to determine the crystal structure of the SSRD intermediate. An ensemble of six possible structures is obtained, which differ only in small packing details that lead to different crystal space groups. The structure with the best overall agreement with the experimental data belongs to the Pccn space group and, like the other members of the ensemble, retains a packing motif close to that of the monomer crystal. This crystal structure allows us to conclude that the SSRD crystal density is slightly greater than that of the monomer crystal and that gross changes in the volume or unit cell parameters of the SSRD are not responsible for the photoinduced expansion. CrystEngCommThis journal is

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications For the Mechanism Of Nanorod Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystal structure of the meta-stable intermediate in the photomechanical, crystal-to-crystal reaction of 9-tert-butyl anthracene ester

et al. 2016

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“…Various types of photomechanical behaviors such as contraction [8,10], expansion [11], OPEN ACCESS bending [8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17], separation [18], twisting [19], and rolling [12] have been reported so far. Although photochromic compounds such as diarylethenes [8,19], furylfulgide [20], azobenzene [21,22], anthracene carboxylates [23][24][25][26][27][28], salicylideneaniline [29], 4-chlorocinnamic acid [30], 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene salt [31], benzylidenedimethylimidazolinone [32], and others [33] exhibit photochemical reactions in the crystalline phase, their photomechanical motions in the crystal are almost bending. It is essential for the development of the research field of photomechanical crystals to investigate the crystal bending behavior in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of Photoinduced Bending Speed of Diarylethene Crystals

et al. 2015

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Abstract:We investigated photoinduced crystal bending behavior of various photochromic diarylethenes. In all the diarylethene derivatives we used in this work, the relationship between the initial photoinduced bending speed and the crystal thickness was well explained by the easy-handled Timoshenkoʼs bimetal model. Moreover, we proposed a quantitative analysis method to reveal the relationship between the bending speed and the molecular structure of diarylethenes. These results provide the quantitative evaluation method of the photoinduced crystal bending speed.

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