Solids, Nutrients, and Chlorides in Urban Runoff

Waller, D. H.; Hart, William C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70889-3_3

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Camp (1988) found during stormwater investigations that about 90% of the phosphorous was in the particulate form. Similar results were found by Waller and Hart (1986), indicating that the particulate form of the phosphorus load was higher in magnitude than the soluble load in the surface runoff from an urban area. In Western Australia, runoff from sandy catchments contains high levels of filterable reactive phosphorus and, due to its low capability to bind phosphorus, export large quantities of phosphorus to adjacent water bodies (WRC, 1998).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Pollutant Washoff From Urban Impervious Asupporting

confidence: 81%

Urban Area Dry Diffuse Pollutants Washoff Composition

Ashraf

Khan²

2006

JWMM

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This chapter presents the characteristics of urban area dry pollutants buildup and subsequent washoff in stormwater in Perth, Western Australia. Accumulated dust and dirt (DD) and stormwater runoff were sampled and analyzed for associated pollutants. The study concludes that total DD and associated pollutants present significant temporal and spatial variations. Surface texture was found to be an important factor in pollutant buildup, which can affect the initial and maximum DD loadings on the surfaces. The antecedent dry period had pronounced effects on dry solids (DD and associated pollutants). Suspended solids (SS), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) washoff loads from impervious areas had significant variations among the test areas. Washoff concentration variations of total phosphorus (TP), nitrite and nitrate (NO2+NO3) were insignificant among test areas. The dissolved fraction of total phosphorus and NO2+NO3 was between 22 to 43% and 50 to 62%, respectively. It was observed that the initial mass of dry pollutants from impervious surfaces was much greater than the observed washoff load. Only minor portions of dry pollutants (DD and associated pollutants) were available for washoff. The available washoff load was between 0.5 to 3.5% for TP, Zn and Cu of the total dry pollutants initially accumulated on the catchments impervious areas. No correlation was found between washoff load and inter-event dry period.

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Section: Characteristics Of Pollutant Washoff From Urban Impervious Asupporting

confidence: 81%

Urban Area Dry Diffuse Pollutants Washoff Composition

Ashraf

Khan²

2006

JWMM

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“…In many regions of the country, as little as 10% increases in impervious surface area can result in stream degradation (Schueler, 1995;Bledsoe and Watson, 2001), with degradation becoming increasingly more severe as impervious surface areas increase. Other potential problems associated with urban development include increased sediment loads (Walling and Gregory, 1970;Waller and Hart, 1986;Wahl et al, 1997), heavy metals (Hunter et al, 1979;Norman, 1991;Callender and Rice, 2000), nutrients (Emmerth and Bayne, 1996;Herlihy et al, 1998;Lee and Bang, 2000;Rose, 2002), and bacteria loadings (Gregory and Frick, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Changes in chemical and physical propertiesof stream water across an urban-rural gradient in western Georgia

2005

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The Middle Chattahoochee River Watershed in western Georgia is undergoing rapid urban development. Consequently, Georgia's water quality is threatened by extensive development as well as other land uses such as grazing. Maintenance of stream water quality, as land development occurs, is critical for the protection of drinking water, biotic integrity, and stream morphology. A two-phase, watershed-scale study was established to develop relationships among land use and water quality within western Georgia. During phase 1 (year one), physio-chemical, biological and morphological measurements were taken within 16 sub-watersheds, ranging in size from 500-2500 ha. Nutrient and fecal coliform concentrations within watersheds with impervious surface > 5% often exceeded those in other watersheds during both baseflow and storm flow. Also, fecal coliform bacteria in more urbanized areas often exceeded the US EPA's standard for recreational waters. During the second phase of the study, models will be tested and calibrated based on newly chosen watersheds.

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“…Dominant pollutant sources were urban runoff, storm sewers, and land disposal of waste, which increased bacteria, turbidity, and nutrients to receiving streams (US EPA, 2000). Problems associated with urban development include increased sediment loadings (Walling and Gregory, 1970;Waller and Hart, 1986;Wahl et al, 1997), heavy metals (Hunter et al, 1979;Norman, 1991;Callender and Rice, 2000), nutrients (Emmerth and Bayne, 1996;Herlihy et al, 1998;Lee and Bang, 2000;Rose, 2002), bacteria (Gregory and Frick, 2000;Mallin et al, 2000), and hydrologic modification (Dunne and Leopold, 1978;Imbe et al, 1997;Finkenbine et al, 2000;Lee and Bang, 2000;Bledsoe and Watson, 2001;Paul and Meyer, 2001;Rose and Peters, 2001;Brezonik and Stadelmann, 2002). Many studies investigating the impacts of urbanization have identified impervious surface coverage as a key indicator of environmental health (Schueler, 1995;Arnold and Gibbons, 1996;Paul and Meyer, 2001;Morse et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%