Solubilities, thermostabilities and flame retardance behaviour of phosphorus-containing flame retardants and copolymers

Wang, Lisheng; Kang, Hui-Bao; Wang, Shubo; Liu, Yong; Wang, Ran

doi:10.1016/j.fluid.2007.04.031

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Therefore, halogen-free flame retardants have been becoming one of the most promising flame retardants. [1][2][3][4] Non-halogen flame retardants are divided into inorganic and organic flame retardants. Generally, inorganic flame retardants have lower flame retardancy, and a high addition (more than 60 wt %) are needed, but they are less harmful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its char-forming ability was low, only 6.8 wt % char residue at 700 C. 19 In this article, we synthesized a new cyclic phosphate ester, tetra(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxaphosphorinanyl-2-oxy) neopentane (DOPNP), which is hydrophobic in nature and shows high thermal stability and good char-forming ability due to the symmetrical structure. The molecular structure of DOPNP was characterized by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, and 31 P NMR spectroscopies. The flame retardancy and thermal behavior of a novel intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) system consisted of DOPNP, APP, melamine polyphosphate (MPP), and synergistic agent (4A zeolite) for PP were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ABSTRACT: A novel flame retardant, tetra(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxaphosphorinanyl-2-oxy) neopentane (DOPNP), was synthesized successfully, and its structure was characterized by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, and 31 P NMR. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrate that DOPNP showed a good char-forming ability.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of a novel phosphorus‐containing compound on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A novel flame retardant, tetra(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxaphosphorinanyl-2-oxy) neopentane (DOPNP), was synthesized successfully, and its structure was characterized by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, and 31 P NMR. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrate that DOPNP showed a good char-forming ability. Its initial decomposition temperature was 236.4 C based on 1% mass loss, and its char residue was 41.2 wt % at 600 C, and 22.9 wt % at 800 C, respectively. The flame retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of novel intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene (IFR-PP) composites containing DOPNP were investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, TGA, cone calorimeter (CONE) test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that DOPNP effectively raised LOI value of IFR-PP. When the loading of IFR was 30 wt %, LOI of IFR-PP reached 31.3%, and it passed UL-94 V-0. TGA results show that DOPNP made the thermal decomposition of IFR-PP take place in advance; reduced the thermal decomposition rate and raised the residual char amount. CONE results show that DOPNP could effectively decrease the heat release rate peak of IFR-PP. A continuous and compact char layer observed from the SEM further proved the flame retardance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of a novel phosphorus‐containing compound on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Upon incineration, an organophosphorus compound generates less toxic gases and smoke compared to halogenated compound . Systems based on phosphinic or phosphonic acid derivatives, especially when incorporated into the polymer chain, can be added at much lower levels, while still developing an adequate flame retardancy effect …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syntheses of intrinsically flame‐retardant polyamide 6 fibers and fabrics

Mourgas

Giebel

Schneck

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, flame‐retarded polyamide 6 (FR‐PA6) was prepared via the direct co‐condensation of ε‐caprolactam with two different organophosphorus compounds in a typical melt‐polymerization process. Polymer microstructures, especially the incorporation of the phosphorus‐containing comonomers, as well as the thermal and physical properties of the resulting copolyamides have been studied in detail. The phosphorus‐modified PAs have a P‐content of 0.10–0.30 wt %, possess high relative viscosities of 2.2–2.4 and good thermal stability. FR‐PA6 multifilaments were prepared by melt spinning and show tensile strengths up to 40 cN/tex and tenacities up to 0.5 GPa. Knitted fabrics of FR‐PA6 exhibit high limiting oxygen index values around 35%. Due to the very low phosphorus content, there is no impairment of the material properties of PA6. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47829.

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“…Organic phosphorus compounds are among the most frequently used flame retardants and represent a halogen‐free alternative . Systems based on phosphinic or phosphonic acid derivatives, especially when incorporated into the polymer chain, can be added at much lower levels, while still developing an adequate flame retardancy effect . Although some progress has already been made for PA6.6, there are few solutions for PA6 fibers, and there is no technically viable solution especially for the melt spinning process of PA6 fibers at this time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of intrinsically flame‐retardant copolyamides and their employment in PA6‐fibers

Mourgas

Giebel

Bauch

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Flame‐retarded polyamide 6.6 (FR‐PA6.6) was prepared by the cocondensation of hexamethylene diammonium adipate (AH‐salt) with the corresponding salts of hexamethylene diamine and two different organophosphorus compounds, namely, 3‐hydroxyphenylphosphinylpropanoic acid (3‐HPP, 1) and 9,10‐dihydro‐10‐[2,3‐di (hydroxycarbonylpropyl]‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DDP, 2). The incorporation of the phosphorus comonomers and the thermal and physical properties of the resulting copolyamides have been studied. The phosphorus‐modified FR‐PA6.6 possesses high relative viscosities of 2.0 to 2.4, good thermal stability, and was used for the production of polyamide blends by merging FR‐PA6.6 with commercial PA6. This offered access to flame‐retarded PA6 multifilaments, which possess tensile strengths up to 0.7 GPa and elastic moduli up to 6.2 GPa. Knitted fabrics of FR‐PA6 exhibit high limiting oxygen index (LOI) values between 36 and 38 and executed burning tests demonstrate that the incorporation of phosphorus‐based comonomers improve flame retardancy significantly. The approach presented here offers a straightforward access to effective flame retardancy in nylon 6.

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Solubilities, thermostabilities and flame retardance behaviour of phosphorus-containing flame retardants and copolymers

Cited by 42 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of a novel phosphorus‐containing compound on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Effect of a novel phosphorus‐containing compound on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Syntheses of intrinsically flame‐retardant polyamide 6 fibers and fabrics

Synthesis of intrinsically flame‐retardant copolyamides and their employment in PA6‐fibers

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