Solubility of Halothane in Blood and Tissue Homogenates

Larson, C. Philip; Eger, E. I.; Severinhaus, J. W.

doi:10.1097/00000542-196201000-00043

Cited by 24 publications

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“…Laasberg and Hedley-Whyte (1969) demonstrated recently that this coefficient was 0.76 at 37°C in Krebs-Henseleit solution. Comparing this value to the previous determinations by Larson, Eger and Severinghaus (1962), showed that the nature of the salts in solution has little effect on this coefficient, while the presence of protein or fat raises it. A halothane in blood is 2.3 or 2.38 (Laasberg and Hedley-Whyte, 1969) (or three times the X value in saline), and in human brain or liver homogenates is 6.0 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Effects of Halothane on Oxygen Consumption of Rat Liver Slices

Besombe

Longmuir

1971

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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SUMMARYNormal rat liver slice respiration was studied at 37 °C by the polarographic technique of Longmuir in the presence of oxygenated solutions and with addition of clinical concentrations of halothane to the mixtures. In the presence of halothane, after one exposure of the slices, respiration was significantly inhibited in all cases when the anaesthetic concentration was 23.6 mg/100 ml, in one of four experiments at the 17.7 mg/100 ml concentration, but never for a lower halothane concentration. Re-exposure of the tissue to the anaesthetic concentrations which were inactive at the first exposure produced significant respiratory inhibition, presumably because of progressive accumulation in the tissue. One mechanism of the inhibition of tissue respiration by halothane appears to be interference with the oxygen transport mechanism to the mitochondria.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Effects of Halothane on Oxygen Consumption of Rat Liver Slices

Besombe

Longmuir

1971

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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“…The expected solubility of Xenon in the human brain at 22 and 40 weeks gestational age, and in adulthood were calculated according to the contents of water, protein and fat (12), as suggested by Yeh & Peterson (13). The solubility of Xenon in brain fat was assumed to be 60% of the solubility in neutral fat, as has been found for halothane (14). This assumption gives good agreement between expected and measured values of the partition coefficients for grey and white matter in adults ( Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cerebral Blood Flow in Preterm Infants during the First Week of Life

Greisen

1986

Acta Paediatrica

162

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Forty-two preterm infants of 28-33 weeks of gestation were studied once during the first week of life by 133-Xenon clearance after intravenous injection to estimate global cerebral blood flow. Count rates detected over the chest were corrected for chest wall contribution and used as arterial input function. A neonatal blood-brain partition coefficient of Xenon was used for the calculation of a mean flow estimator (CBF-infinity). The technique was internally validated by use of differently obtained arterial input functions. In 11 infants without respiratory distress, CBF-infinity was 19.8 ml/100 g/min +/- 5.3 SD. In 24 infants treated with mechanical ventilation CBF-infinity was 11.8 ml/100 g/min +/- 3.2 SD. In 7 infants treated with continuous positive airway pressure CBF-infinity was 21.3 ml/100 g/min +/- 12.0 SD. When the reduction of CBF-infinity associated with mechanical ventilation was taken into account, the 9 infants with subependymal/intraventricular haemorrhage had increased CBF-infinity. The effects of gestational age, birthweight, mode of delivery, postnatal age, mean arterial blood pressure, PaCO2, blood haemoglobin and phenobarbitone medication were also analysed and found inconsistent. In conclusion, CBF was lower than expected and in infants requiring mechanical ventilation the values were lower still.

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“…Derivation of a similar relationship used to determine halothane λ L:G via this headspace equilibration method has been published. 18

λ_{L : G} = \frac{V_{G} \times (C_{0} - C_{G})}{V_{L} \times C_{G}}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of Haloether Anesthetics in Human and Animal Blood

et al. 2012

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Background Anesthetic blood solubility predicts pharmacokinetics for inhaled agents and is essential for determination of blood anesthetic concentrations from end-tidal gas concentrations using Henry’s Law. Though used to model anesthetic effects in humans, there are limited interspecies solubility comparisons that include modern haloethers. This study aimed to measure hematocrit-adjusted blood:gas anesthetic partition coefficients (λB:G) for desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, and methoxyflurane in humans and animals. Methods Whole blood was collected from 20 rats, 8 horses, and 4 each of cats, cattle, humans, dogs, goats, pigs, rabbits, and sheep. Plasma or cell volume was removed to adjust all samples to a packed cell volume of 40%. A single agent calibration gas headspace was added to blood in a glass syringe and was mixed and equilibrated at 37°C for 2 hours. Agent concentrations in the calibration gas and syringe headspace were measured using gas chromatography. Anesthetic solubility in saline, citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine, and olive oil were similarly measured. Results Except for goats, all animal species had at least one λB:G measurement that differed significantly from humans. For each agent, λB:G positively correlated with serum triglyceride concentrations, but this only explained 25% of interspecies variability. Desflurane was significantly less soluble in blood than sevoflurane in some species (e.g., humans) but not in others (e.g., rabbits). Conclusions Anesthetic partition coefficients differ significantly between humans and most animals for haloether anesthetics. Because of their similar λB:G values, goats may be a better animal model for inhaled anesthetic pharmacokinetics in people.

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Solubility of Halothane in Blood and Tissue Homogenates

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Halothane on Oxygen Consumption of Rat Liver Slices

Effects of Halothane on Oxygen Consumption of Rat Liver Slices

Cerebral Blood Flow in Preterm Infants during the First Week of Life

Solubility of Haloether Anesthetics in Human and Animal Blood

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