Solubility Studies of Transuranium Elements for Nuclear Waste Disposal: Principles and Overview

Nitsche, H.

doi:10.1524/ract.1991.5253.1.3

Cited by 60 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The concentrations of dissolved neptunium corresponding to equilibrium with these phases are 7.791 x lo4 and 8.202 x lo4 molal, respectively. The calculated concentrations for Np205, NaNp0,C03:3.5H,0, and Np0,OH are all close to the values observed by Nitsche (1991).…”

Section: Molal (8702% Npoc) Suchsupporting

confidence: 83%

Site characterization progress report: Yucca Mountain, Nevada, October 1, 1994--March 31, 1995, Number 12. Nuclear Waste Policy Act (Section 113)

1995

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Section: Molal (8702% Npoc) Suchsupporting

confidence: 83%

Site characterization progress report: Yucca Mountain, Nevada, October 1, 1994--March 31, 1995, Number 12. Nuclear Waste Policy Act (Section 113)

1995

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“…The Np(OH), or Pu(OH), neutral species concentration in water, which can be calculated from the s,olubi.lity product, SP, Pennernan et al 1961;and Nitsche 1991), is lower than the solubilities found in NaOH by a factor of about l@. Consequently, the An(OH), concentration is negligible relative to the hydroxo complex concentration.…”

Section: Whc-ep-0897mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the solubility of Np(IV), Pu(III) - (VI),Am(III) - (VI), and Te(IV), (V) hydroxo compounds in 0.5 - 14 M NaOH solutions

Delegard¹

1996

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“…Nitsche (1991) provides a useful general summary of the principles and techniques of solubility studies. A large number of techniques have been used to characterize the aqueous speciation of radionuclides.…”

Section: Solubility and Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental geochemistry of radioactive contamination.

Bryan¹,

Siegel²

2003

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This report attempts to describe the geochemical foundations of the behavior of radionuclides in the environment. The information is obtained and applied in three interacting spheres of inquiry and analysis: 1) experimental studies and theoretical calculations, 2) field studies of contaminated and natural analog sites and 3) model predictions of radionuclide behavior in remediation and waste disposal. Analyses of the risks from radioactive contamination require estimation of the rates of release and dispersion of the radionuclides through potential exposure pathways. These processes are controlled by solubility, speciation, sorption, and colloidal transport, which are strong functions of the compositions of the groundwater and geomedia as well as the atomic structure of the radionuclides.The chemistry of the fission products is relatively simple compared to the actinides. Because of their relatively short half-lives, fission products account for a large fraction of the radioactivity in nuclear waste for the first several hundred years but do not represent a long-term hazard in the environment. The chemistry of the longer-lived actinides is complex; however, some trends in their behavior can be described. Actinide elements of a given oxidation state have either similar or systematically varying chemical properties due to similarities in ionic size, coordination number, valence, and electron structure. In dilute aqueous systems at neutral to basic pH, the dominant actinide species are hydroxy-and carbonato-complexes, and the solubility-limiting solid phases are commonly oxides, hydroxides or carbonates. In general, actinide sorption will decrease in the presence of ligands that complex with the radionuclide; sorption of the (IV) species of actinides (Np, Pu, U) is generally greater than of the (V) species.The geochemistry of key radionuclides in three different environments is described in this report. These include: 1) low ionic strength reducing waters from crystalline rocks at nuclear waste research 4 sites in Sweden; 2) oxic water from the J-13 well at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the site of a proposed repository for high level nuclear waste (HLW) in tuffaceous rocks; and 3) reference brines associated with the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). The transport behaviors of radionuclides associated with the Chernobyl reactor accident and the Oklo Natural Reactor are described. These examples span wide temporal and spatial scales and include the rapid geochemical and physical processes important to nuclear reactor accidents or industrial discharges as well as the slower processes important to the geologic disposal of nuclear waste.Application of geochemical information to remediating or assessing the risk posed by radioactive contamination is the final subject of this report. After radioactive source terms have been removed, large volumes of soil and water with low but potentially hazardous levels of contamination may remain. For poorly-sorbing radionuclides, capture of contaminated water and removal of radi...

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Solubility Studies of Transuranium Elements for Nuclear Waste Disposal: Principles and Overview

Cited by 60 publications

References 11 publications

Site characterization progress report: Yucca Mountain, Nevada, October 1, 1994--March 31, 1995, Number 12. Nuclear Waste Policy Act (Section 113)

Site characterization progress report: Yucca Mountain, Nevada, October 1, 1994--March 31, 1995, Number 12. Nuclear Waste Policy Act (Section 113)

Determination of the solubility of Np(IV), Pu(III) - (VI),Am(III) - (VI), and Te(IV), (V) hydroxo compounds in 0.5 - 14 M NaOH solutions

Environmental geochemistry of radioactive contamination.

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