Solubilization and stabilization of macular carotenoids by water soluble oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

Abstract

Xanthophyll carotenoids zeaxanthin and lutein play a special role in the prevention and treatment of visual diseases. These carotenoids are not produced by the human body and must be consumed in the diet. On the other hand, extremely low water solubility of these carotenoids and their instability restrict their practical application as components of food or medicinal formulations. Preparation of supramolecular complexes of zeaxanthin and lutein with glycyrrhizic acid, its disodium salt and the natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan allows one to minimize the aforementioned disadvantages when carotenoids are used in food processing as well as for production of therapeutic formulations with enhanced solubility and stability. In the present study, the formation of supramolecular complexes was investigated by NMR relaxation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and optical absorption techniques. The complexes increase carotenoid solubility more than 1000-fold. The kinetics of carotenoid decay in reactions with ozone molecules, hydroperoxyl radicals and metal ions were measured in water and organic solutions, and significant increases in oxidation stability of lutein and zeaxanthin in arabinogalactan and glycyrrhizin complexes were detected.

Water soluble biocompatible vesicles based on polysaccharides and oligosaccharides inclusion complexes for carotenoid delivery

“…An important question that is widely discussed is the influence of complex formation on carotenoid reactivity and stability (Yuan et al, 2013;Polyakov et al, 2010;2013;Apanasenko et al, 2015;Tachaprutinun et al, 2009). The reactivity of carotenoids towards metal ions, quinones and free radicals is closely related to their antioxidant activity as well as their stability in living systems, food and medical preparations.…”

“…Recently the first example of water soluble complexes of ␤-carotene and some other carotenoids with natural oligosaccharide and polysaccharide were reported (Polyakov et al, 2006a;2006b;2009;2010;2013;Apanasenko et al, 2015). One of the compounds that appear to be promising is ␤-glycyrrhizic acid (or glycyrrhizin, GA, Fig.…”

“…Fundamental and applied research has recently been devoted to the inclusion complexes of carotenoids with natural oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, which are assumed to possess protective properties and to decrease the hydrophobic behavior of the included molecules (Polyakov, Leshina, Konovalova, Hand, & Kispert, 2004a;Polyakov, Leshina, Salakhutdinov, & Kispert, 2006a;Polyakov, Leshina, Salakhutdinov, Konovalova, & Kispert, 2006b;Polyakov et al, , 2010Polyakov, Magyar, & Kispert, 2013;Apanasenko et al, 2015;Gomes et al, 2014;Pinho, Grootveld, Soares, & Henriques, 2014;Gharibzahedi, Razavi, & Mousavi, 2014;Jose et al, 2014;Yuan, Du, Jin, & Xu, 2013;Yuan, Jin, & Xu, 2012;De Oliveira et al, 2011;Stancanelli et al, 2012;Tachaprutinun, Udomsup, Luadthong, & Wanichwecharungruang, 2009). For example, astaxanthin encapsulated into poly(ethylene oxide)-4-methoxycinnamoylphthaloyl chitosan showed minimal heat degradation after a twohour heating at 70 • C in an aqueous environment, in contrast to that of unencapsulated carotenoid molecules which were almost completely destroyed (Tachaprutinun et al, 2009).…”

Purification and Formulation of Xanthophyll for Pharmaceutical Use: Current Strategies and Future Trends

“…There are, however, various studies on xanthophyll stability formulations that could lead to potential bioavailability enhancer products. One of them comprises formulations in microcapsules obtained by complex coacervation [74] and supramolecular complexes [75]; where xanthophyll oxidative, humidity, heat and light stability have been achieved.…”

An Overview on the Role of Macular Xanthophylls in Ocular Diseases

“…The group of xanthophylls includes lutein, zeaxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, capsanthin, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin, echionine, flavoxanthin, alpha (α)-and beta (β)-cryptoxanthin [5]. It is widely though that carotenoids can be protective against the formation and development of eye diseases due to their antioxidant properties [6][7][8][9].…”