“…Preeclampsia is considered to be characterized by endothelial cell activation/dysfunction [17-24], and this condition is associated with a significant increase in the maternal circulating concentrations of s E-selectin [57,58,60,158,159] and sVCAM-1 [57,60,158,160,161], which are markers of endothelial cell activation/dysfunction [136,162]. However, there is no increase in the concentration of sICAM-1 and sPECAM-1 [57,60,163,164], indicating that there are some unique features of endothelial cell activation/dysfunction in preeclampsia. When assessing the profile of adhesion molecules, we have found that patients with acute pyelonephritis have an increase in sICAM-1, sE-selectin, and sVCAM-1 [60], suggesting that there are subtle differences in the adhesion molecule profile in patients with pyelonephritis and preeclampsia, both of which are characterized by intravascular inflammation [12,157].…”