Soluble Factors Released by Endogenous Viable Cells Enhance the Antioxidant and Chemoattractive Activities of Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane

Abstract

Objective: Regulation of oxidative stress and recruitment of key cell types are activities of human amniotic membrane (hAM) that contribute to its benefits for wound treatment. Progress in tissue preservation has led to commercialization of hAM. The majority of hAM products are devitalized with various degrees of matrix alteration. Data show the importance of hAM matrix preservation, but little is known about the advantages of retaining viable endogenous cells. In this study, we compared the antioxidant and chemoattractive properties of viable intact cryopreserved hAM (int-hAM) and devitalized cryopreserved hAM (dev-hAM) to determine the benefits of cell preservation.Approach: We evaluated the ability of int-hAM and dev-hAM to protect fibroblasts from oxidant-induced cell damage, to suppress oxidants, and to recruit fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro.Results: Both the int-hAM–derived conditioned medium (CM) and the int-hAM tissue rescued significantly more fibroblasts from oxidant-induced damage than dev-hAM (844% and 93% more, respectively). The int-hAM CM showed a 202% greater antioxidant capacity than dev-hAM. The int-hAM CM enhanced the recruitment of fibroblasts and normal and diseased keratinocytes to a greater extent than dev-hAM (1,555%, 315%, and 151% greater, respectively).Innovation and Conclusion: Int-hAM, in which all native components are preserved, including endogenous viable cells, demonstrated a significantly greater antioxidant and fibroblast and keratinocyte chemoattractive potential compared to dev-hAM, in which viable cells are destroyed. The release of soluble factors that protect fibroblasts from oxidative injury by hAM containing viable cells is a mechanism of hAM antioxidant activity, which is a novel finding of this study.

Characterisation of dehydrated amnion chorion membranes and evaluation of fibroblast and keratinocyte responses in vitro

“…There are several beneficial properties that placental membranes natively possess that may support wound healing. In addition to acting as a protective physical covering, placental membranes have been reported to contain a wide variety of growth factors and cytokines, which have been shown to promote beneficial cellular processes in vitro …”

Novel Approach for Enterocutaneous Fistula Treatment with the Use of Viable Cryopreserved Placental Membrane

“…Such method results in higher than 70% cell viability of the tissue postthaw [26]. Scientific reports show that preservation of all components of placental membranes in their native state is required to retain all properties of fresh tissue [26–28]. Retrospective and prospective clinical studies have demonstrated benefits of Grafix Prime for wounds of various etiology including venous stasis ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and surgical dehiscence [29, 30].…”

Management of a complex scalp defect with cryopreserved placental membrane containing viable cells resulted in rapid wound closure

“…vCPM has been shown to retain all the components and properties of fresh placental tissue and has shown positive clinical outcomes in the management of a variety of wound types . Specifically, vCPM has been evaluated in a retrospective and prospective studies in the treatment of two complex wound studies.…”