Soluble Mucin and the Physical Properties of Tears

Tiffany, John M.; Pandit, Jyotin C.; Bron, Anthony J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5359-5_33

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…TBUT depends on reduced surface tension caused by mucin and other factors and depends less on tear volume. 21 In fact, we can say that TBUT checks the quality rather than the quantity of tear film. Because the Schirmer's test checks the quantity and TBUT mainly checks the quality of tear film, 21 the lack of alignment of their changes could be explained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 21 In fact, we can say that TBUT checks the quality rather than the quantity of tear film. Because the Schirmer's test checks the quantity and TBUT mainly checks the quality of tear film, 21 the lack of alignment of their changes could be explained. Although Schirmer's test is less sensitive than TBUT for the dry eye diagnosis 19 and doesn't show acute tear film dysfunction as well as TBUT test does, Schirmer's test is valuable for assessing the long-term sequels of ocular surface diseases such as dry eye syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dry eye signs and symptoms in night-time workers

Makateb

Torabifard

2017

Journal of Current Ophthalmology

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PurposeTo determine the effect of night-time working on dry eye signs and symptoms.MethodsA total of 50 healthy subjects completed a dry eye questionnaire and underwent clinical examinations including basic Schirmer's test and tear breakup time (TBUT) test on two consecutive days, before and after the night shift (12-hrs night-shift).ResultsAll dry eye symptoms were aggravated significantly after the night shift (P < 0.05). Conjunctival redness increased after the night shift (P = 0.001). TBUT reduced significantly after the night-shift (8.06 vs 10.98 s) (P = 0.001). Basic Schirmer's test increased after the night-shift compared to its values before the shift (19.04 vs 17.34 mm) (P = 0.037).ConclusionOur study showed that night-time working can cause tear film instability and exacerbation of dry eye symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry eye signs and symptoms in night-time workers

Makateb

Torabifard

2017

Journal of Current Ophthalmology

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“…11 The TBUT has been shown to be dependent on the reduction of surface tension by mucins and other surface-active agents but not so much on the quantity of aqueous content in tears. 12,13 Using the above value 97% of the patients had an abnormal TBUT ( Figure 5). Though this test seems to be most sensitive, it is a clinical measurement of the stability of the tear film rather than of aqueous tear production, and is more appropriately used in conjunction with measurements of aqueous tear deficiency, in the evaluation of symptoms of dry eye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study to assess the clinical use of Fluorescein Meniscus Time (FMT) with Tear Break up Time (TBUT) and Schirmer’s tests (ST) in the diagnosis of dry eyes

Kallarackal

Ansari

Amos

et al. 2002

Eye

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Introduction The clinical diagnosis of dryeye is confirmed by a suitable test of tear production and the technique commonly used today to diagnose dry eye is the Schirmer's test (ST). Although the ST is easy to perform it gives variable results, poor reproducibility and low sensitivity for detecting dry eyes. Another test, the tear break up time (TBUT) is used to assess the stability of tears which if abnormal may also cause symptomatic dry-eye. We present the results of both these tests and a new test, which shows greater sensitivity than the ST in detecting aqueous tear deficiency. The fluorescein meniscus time (FMT) is a new test developed in conjunction with one of the authors (CL) and the Department of Ophthalmology at the University Hospital of Wales. The FMT is a measure of the rate at which a fluorescent tear meniscus is formed using 2% sodium fluorescein, a stopwatch and suitable illumination with a slit lamp. Method An open controlled study in 62 patients and 51 controls was conducted to compare the ability of ST, FMT and TBUT to detect dry-eye in a group of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and symptomatic dry eyes for a minimum period of 6 months. A separate control group of 15 subjects was tested on three separate occasions to assess the reproducibility of the FMT test. Results All three tests showed a statistically significant difference between the patient

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“…4). Tears are known to act as a lubricant, with their shear-thinning property 65 being important to reduce FIGURE 3. The detailed concept of TFOT version 1 produced by the Dry Eye Society of Japan.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tear Film–Oriented Diagnosis and Tear Film–Oriented Therapy for Dry Eye Based on Tear Film Dynamics

Yokoi

Georgiev

2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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, 3% diquafosol sodium ophthalmic solution and 2% rebamipide ophthalmic suspension, respectively, appeared first in Japan as prescription drugs for the treatment of dry eye (DE). Since then, not only the diagnosis and treatment but also the understanding of the pathophysiology of DE have greatly advanced, and a new concept of layer-by-layer diagnosis and treatment for DE, respectively termed ''tear-film-oriented diagnosis'' (TFOD) and ''tear-film-oriented therapy'' (TFOT) was born. This new concept is currently in the process of expanding from Japan to other Asian countries. TFOD is the method used for the differential diagnosis of DE, which includes aqueous-deficiency DE (ADDE), decreased wettability DE (DWDE), and increased evaporation DE (IEDE), through the dynamics of tear film (TF) and breakup patterns (BUPs) after the eye is opened. BUPs and/or each diagnosed DE subtype are/is able to distinguish the insufficient components of the ocular surface that are responsible for each BUP in a layer-by-layer fashion. Aqueous fluid, membrane-associated mucins (especially MUC16), and the lipid layer and/or secretory mucins must be insufficient in ADDE, DWDE, and IEDE, respectively, and this allows for a layer-bylayer treatment to be proposed for each BUP via the supplementation of the insufficient components, using the topical therapy currently available. In Japan, TF breakup is regarded as a visible core mechanism for DE, and an abnormal breakup time (i.e., 5 seconds) and symptoms are currently used for the diagnosis of DE. Therefore, TFOD and TFOT could be an ideal and practical pathway for clinicians to manage DE.

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Soluble Mucin and the Physical Properties of Tears

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Dry eye signs and symptoms in night-time workers

Dry eye signs and symptoms in night-time workers

A comparative study to assess the clinical use of Fluorescein Meniscus Time (FMT) with Tear Break up Time (TBUT) and Schirmer’s tests (ST) in the diagnosis of dry eyes

Tear Film–Oriented Diagnosis and Tear Film–Oriented Therapy for Dry Eye Based on Tear Film Dynamics

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