Soluble Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 Predicts Incident Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Improves Reclassification in a Finnish Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Background-Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) associates to subclinical atherosclerotic manifestations in young people, but its association to incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and cardiovascular mortality in a general population is not known. Methods and Results-We used a newly developed ELISA to measure soluble VAP-1 (sVAP-1) levels in 2775 participants (mean age, 60 years) from a prospective cohort study (the FINRISK 2002). During a mean follow-up of 9 years, 265 participants underwent a MACE, and these participants had higher levels of sVAP-1 than those without MACE (868 ng/ mL and 824 ng/mL, respectively, P<0.001). In multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model including traditional Framingham risk factors (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, prevalent diabetes mellitus, and antihypertensive treatment), sVAP-1 independently predicted incident MACE (P=0.0046) and MACE mortality (P=0.026). The impact of sVAP-1 in predicting the 9-year absolute risk of MACE was analyzed using integrated discrimination improvement and net reclassification improvement with 10-fold cross-validation.

Plasma soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 concentration correlates with arterial stiffness: A cross-sectional study

“…Gokturk et al (2007) showed that the NO donor sodium nitroprusside gave an immediate decrease in blood pressure in the control mice, but only a minor response in the transgenic mice overexpressing SSAO activity, which suggested that an increase in SSAO activity would counteract the vascular dilation effect from NO. Previous reports showed that both SSAO activity and sVAP-1 concentration positively correlated with age in a Finnish population (Aalto et al, 2014(Aalto et al, , 2012 and in a Taiwanese population Wang et al, 2013). Our results further demonstrated that this association was not affected by other factors.…”

“…sVAP-1 is probably derived from membrane-bound form by a metalloproteasedependent shedding process. Release form adipose cells is regulated by TNF-a and insulin (Aalto, Havulinna, Jalkanen, Salomaa, & Salmi, 2014;Boomsma et al, 2005;Dunkel et al, 2008). Kurkijä rvi et al (1998) first detected sVAP-1 and found that its concentration in patients with inflammatory liver disease were higher than normal individuals.…”

“…Kurkijä rvi et al (1998) first detected sVAP-1 and found that its concentration in patients with inflammatory liver disease were higher than normal individuals. Later, lots of studies demonstrated that elevated levels of sVAP-1 were associated with some other conditions, such as diabetes and its complications, cardiovascular diseases and its mortality, inflammation-related skin, nervous system and ocular diseases, and so on (Aalto et al, 2014;Boomsma et al, 2005;Dunkel et al, 2008).sVAP-1 may play an important role in the arterial stiffness through three mechanisms. First is inflammation.…”

Vascular adhesion protein-1 in hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration patients: effect of single hemodialysis session on its level in regard to type of anticoagulant

“…In addition, in heart transplant recipients VAP-1 was related to heart function and kidney function [15], which corroborates with presented data. In prospective cohort study (the FINRISK 2002) on 2775 participants (mean age, 60 years) followed up of 9 years, 265 participants underwent a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), and these participants had higher levels of VAP-1 than those without MACE (868 and 824 ng/mL, respectively, p  < 0.001) [16]. Aalto et al [16] concluded that VAP-1 independently predicted incident MACE ( p  = 0.0046) and MACE mortality ( p  = 0.026) in general population over 50 years of age.…”

Is Vitamin D Deficiency Related to Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products, Markers of Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Subjects?

“…In humans the hyperglycemia-induced rise of circulating sVAP-1 levels directly correlates with the plasma AGE concentration [ 79 ]. Moreover, sVAP-1 is associated with subclinical atherosclerotic manifestations and an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality rate [ 80 ].…”