Solutions and Gels Containing a Sugarcane-Derived Cystatin (CaneCPI-5) Reduce Enamel and Dentin Erosion in vitro

Abstract

The effect of solutions and gels containing a sugarcane-derived cystatin (CaneCPI-5) on the protection against enamel and dentin erosion in vitro was evaluated. Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were divided into two groups (n=135 and 153/group for enamel and dentin, respectively) that were treated with solutions or chitosan gels containing 0.1 or 0.25 mg/ml CaneCPI-5. The positive controls for solutions and gels were Elmex Erosion Protection™ solution and NaF gel (12,300 ppm F), respectively. Deionized water and chitosan gel served as controls, respectively. The solutions were first applied on the specimens for 1 min and the gels for 4 min. Stimulated saliva was collected from 3 donors and used to form a 2 h acquired pellicle on the specimens. Then, the specimens were submitted to an erosive pH cycling protocol 4 times/day for 7 days (0.1% citric acid pH 2.5/90s, artificial saliva/2h, artificial saliva overnight). The solutions and gels were applied again during pH cycling, 2 times/day for 1 min and 4 min, respectively, after the first and last erosive challenges. Enamel and dentin losses (µm) were assessed by contact profilometry. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey´s test (p <0.05). All the treatments significantly reduced enamel and dentin loss in comparison with controls. Both CaneCPI-5 concentrations had a similar protective effect against enamel erosion, but only the higher concentration was as effective against dentin erosion as the positive control. Regarding the vehicles, only the 0.1 mg/ml gel performed worse than the positive control for dentin. CaneCPI-5 reduced enamel and dentin erosion to a similar extent as the fluoride-containing vehicles. However, dentin requires higher CaneCPI-5 concentrations, in the case of gels. Solutions or gels containing CaneCPI-5 might be a new approach to protect against dental erosion.

Topical Agents for Nonrestorative Management of Dental Erosion: A Narrative Review

“…CaneCPI-5 is a novel synthesised sugarcane cystatin [ 121 ]. It strongly binds to hydroxyapatite of the enamel surface and forms a protective layer [ 121 , 122 ]. The CaneCPI-5 can also improve the protective effect of the salivary pellicle by increasing the number of acid-resistant proteins such as cystatin B [ 121 , 123 , 124 ].…”

“…The CaneCPI-5 can also improve the protective effect of the salivary pellicle by increasing the number of acid-resistant proteins such as cystatin B [ 121 , 123 , 124 ]. In addition, CaneCPI-5 inhibits MMPs and reduces the severity of dentine erosion [ 122 , 123 ].…”

“…One in situ study revealed that CaneCPI-5 reduced bovine enamel loss in erosive challenge [ 121 ]. In vitro studies reported that CaneCPI-5 reduced surface loss in bovine enamel and dentine and hardness change in bovine dentine [ 122 , 123 ].…”

Influence of irradiated dentin, biofilm and different artificial saliva formulations on root dentin caries development

“…Cane CPI-5 has shown promising results in preventing erosive wear (enamel and dentin) in vitro [30,31] and in situ at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml [32]. Regarding the prevention of enamel caries, a recent study also under microcosm bio lm showed that different concentrations of Cane CPI-5 (0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml) were effective in signi cantly reducing the integrated mineral loss when compared to the negative control (PBS) [17].…”

Solutions Containing a Statherin-Derived Peptide Reduce Enamel Erosion in vitro

“…The immobilization of proteins in the acquired pellicle has been proposed as a new measure for the prevention of ETW [Santiago et al, 2017;Carvalho et al, 2020;Martini et al, 2020;Taira et al, 2020;Frazão Câmara et al, 2021;Pelá et al, 2021a;Pelá et al, 2021b;Santos et al, 2021;Reis et al, 2023]. Among the poten-Fig.…”