Solvent-Containing Closure Material Can Be Used to Prevent Follicular Penetration of Caffeine and Fluorescein Sodium Salt on Porcine Ear Skin

Klein, Anna Lena; Lubda, Markus; Taghavi, Paniz Akbarzadeh; Lademann, Jürgen; Darvin, Maxim E.; Hagen, Jörg von; Kolmar, Harald; Patzelt, Alexa

doi:10.1159/000505839

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To date, the term “fresh” is mainly used to clearly state that the skin and ears that were used for the presented skin study were not frozen and defrosted before use. The use of fresh ears can, therefore, mean that freshly obtained ears were directly used after they were collected from the slaughterhouse or at later time points, i.e., after storage for 24 to 72 h [ 5 , 6 , 8 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. A question that remains unanswered so far is if the storage time of the ears after slaughter affects the penetration efficacy of chemical compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: The ex vivo porcine ear model is often used for the determination of the dermal penetration efficacy of chemical compounds. This study investigated the influence of the post-slaughter storage time of porcine ears on the dermal penetration efficacy of chemical compounds. (2) Methods: Six different formulations (curcumin and different fluorescent dyes in different vehicles and/or nanocarriers) were tested on ears that were (i) freshly obtained, (ii) stored for 24 or 48 h at 4 °C after slaughter before use and (iii) freshly frozen and defrosted 12 h before use. (3) Results: Results showed that porcine ears undergo post-mortem changes. The changes can be linked to rigor mortis and all other well-described phenomena that occur with carcasses after slaughter. The post-mortem changes modify the skin properties of the ears and affect the penetration efficacy. The onset of rigor mortis causes a decrease in the water-holding capacity of the ears, which leads to reduced penetration of chemical compounds. The water-holding capacity increases once the rigor is released and results in an increased penetration efficacy for chemical compounds. Despite different absolute penetration values, no differences in the ranking of penetration efficacies between the different formulations were observed between the differently aged ears. (4) Conclusions: All different types of ears can be regarded to be suitable for dermal penetration testing of chemical compounds. The transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and/or skin hydration of the ears were not correlated with the ex vivo penetration efficacy because both an impaired skin barrier and rigor mortis cause elevated skin hydration and TEWL values but an opposite penetration efficacy. Other additional values (for example, pH and/or autofluorescence of the skin) should, therefore, be used to select suitable and non-suitable skin areas for ex vivo penetration testing. Finally, data from this study confirmed that smartFilms and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) represent superior formulation strategies for efficient dermal and transdermal delivery of curcumin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model

et al. 2022

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“…Recently, a novel method for assessing transfollicular penetration was developed by combining the dermal micro-dialysis and follicular closing technique, which is worth investigating transfollicular and intercellular skin penetration [54]. The main difference between the combined technique and Franz diffusion cell were skin area and experimental setup.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The skin area with blocked and unblocked hair follicles can be used to study the time-dependent transfollicular penetration. Therefore, the Franz diffusion cell method is more suitable for transfollicular studies [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and Transfollicular Delivery of Finasteride-Loaded Proniosomes for Hair Growth Stimulation in C57BL/6Mlac Mice

et al. 2021

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The study aimed to develop the finasteride-loaded proniosome (FLP) to enhance the transfollicular delivery of finasteride (FN). The response surface methodology (RSM) combined with central composite design (CCD) with three independent variables (FN concentrations, total lipid content, and cholesterol content) was used to optimize the FLP preparation. The particles size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and drug loading capacity of the FLP were analyzed. The transfollicular delivery of the optimum formulation was investigated in vitro. In vivo hair growth stimulation study was performed on C57BL/6Mlac mice dorsal areas. The Draize primary skin irritation test for erythema and edema was performed in the New Zealand white rabbit skin. The optimum FLP consists of 5.0 mM of FN, 10.1 mM of total lipid content, and 50.0% of the cholesterol in the total lipid. The prepared proniosome delivered the FN significantly (p < 0.05), compared to the naked finasteride solution in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The FLP treatment significantly increases the number and size of hair follicles in a dose-dependent manner. The efficiency of 1% FLP was comparable to the 2% minoxidil solution. The FLP exhibited no skin irritation after 72 h. Therefore, the results demonstrated that the FLP could stimulate hair growth via a transfollicular delivery system.

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“…The type of material that blocks the follicular cavities must do so adequately. Notably, the standard enamel has shown secure follicular sealing, while solvent-free nail varnish was not able to prevent follicular penetration in an earlier conducted study [ 102 ].…”

Section: Methods Involving the Quantification Of Nano-entrapped Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies to Evaluate the Hair Follicle-Targeted Drug Delivery Provided by Nanoparticles

et al. 2023

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Nanotechnology has been investigated for treatments of hair follicle disorders mainly because of the natural accumulation of solid nanoparticles in the follicular openings following a topical application, which provides a drug “targeting effect”. Despite the promising results regarding the therapeutic efficacy of topically applied nanoparticles, the literature has often presented controversial results regarding the targeting of hair follicle potential of nanoformulations. A closer look at the published works shows that study parameters such as the type of skin model, skin sections analyzed, employed controls, or even the extraction methodologies differ to a great extent among the studies, producing either unreliable results or precluding comparisons altogether. Hence, the present study proposes to review different skin models and methods for quantitative and qualitative analysis of follicular penetration of nano-entrapped drugs and their influence on the obtained results, as a way of providing more coherent study protocols for the intended application.

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Solvent-Containing Closure Material Can Be Used to Prevent Follicular Penetration of Caffeine and Fluorescein Sodium Salt on Porcine Ear Skin

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model

Assessing the Dermal Penetration Efficacy of Chemical Compounds with the Ex-Vivo Porcine Ear Model

Optimization and Transfollicular Delivery of Finasteride-Loaded Proniosomes for Hair Growth Stimulation in C57BL/6Mlac Mice

Methodologies to Evaluate the Hair Follicle-Targeted Drug Delivery Provided by Nanoparticles

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