“…The different ETL materials used in the literature are TiO 2 , ZnO, AZO, SnO 2 , CdS, WS 2 , WO 3 , IGZO, PCBM etc. [153][154][155][156][157][158] and the HTL materials are spiro-MeOTAD, PEDOT: PSS, PANI, NiO x , Cu 2 O or Cu 2 O, CuI, CuGaO 3 , CuAlO 2 , MoO x , CuS, MOS 2 , etc., [158][159][160][161][162] the characteristics described in Fig. 7 are essential in selecting ETL and HTL materials.…”