Solvent Extraction of Cesium with a New Compound Calix[4]arene-bis[(4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)-crown-6]

Abstract

A new macrocyclic calix[4]arene-bis[(4-methyl-1,2-phenylene)-crown-6] (CalixBisMePhC) was synthesized. An extraction study of Cs(I), Na(I), K(I), Rb(I), Sr(II), Ba(II), Pd(II), and Ru(III) with CalixBisMePhC/CHCl3 was investigated by examining the effects of contact time, HNO3 concentration, and temperature. The results showed that due to the effective molecular recognition, CalixBisMePhC/CHCl3 had excellent extraction ability and high selectivity for Cs(I) over the tested metals except Rb(I). The maximum distribution ratio for Cs(I) was found at the HNO3 concentration of 4.4 mol·kg–1. The composition of the extracted species of Cs(I) was determined to be CsNO3·0.5CalixBisMePhC·0.5HNO3 by a slope method. Some valuable parameters for the Cs(I) extraction were obtained. The results demonstrated that the CalixBisMePhC/CHCl3 extraction system is promising to partition Cs(I) from highly level liquid waste.

Removal of Nd(III), Sr(II), and Rb(I) Ions from Aqueous Solution by Thiacalixarene-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Composite as an Adsorbent

“…Nuclear power plants generate large amounts of highly radioactive spent fuel, which contains the radioactive rare earth elements in abundance. These have versatile advanced industrial applications, and their removal is also vital to the prevention of environmental pollution. − Chemical adsorption is one of the most effective methods to remove these metal ions, , which can be carried out with relative ease and cost-effectiveness. Graphene is a fascinating carbon material ,− with two-dimensional structures and is highly suitable for adsorbing different metal ions for its very high specific surface area and strong stability in aqueous media. − Calixarenes, which are third-generation supramolecular host compounds, can easily form a variety of derivatives and thus may be used as efficient sorbents to remove toxic metal ions as a result of their unique supramolecular recognition ability. − Polymeric materials with the incorporation of calixarenes (including impregnation through a physisorption process or combination through a covalent linkage), therefore, are used to recognize various metal ions and organic compounds in various advanced applications.…”

Electrodriven Selective Transport of Cs+ Using Chlorinated Cobalt Dicarbollide in Polymer Inclusion Membrane: A Novel Approach for Cesium Removal from Simulated Nuclear Waste Solution

“…Presence of bulk concentration of Na + in the nuclear waste solution is the major challenge in recovery/removal of Cs + . Literature reports on separation of Cs from nuclear waste solutions include the use of number of techniques viz., precipitation with sodium phosphotungstic acid, ion exchange with silicotitanates, phosphomolybdates and solvent extraction using different macrocyclic ionophores, , protonated form of the hexachlorinated derivative of cobalt bis (dicarbollide) (HCCD). − The selective adsorption/extraction of Cs + over Na + using polyphenol enriched biomass based adsorbents or some macrocyclic carrier based solvent extraction methods has also been studied. − In order to achieve quantitative separation of Cs from nuclear waste solution, though, several solvents (nitrobenzene, FS-13) − and macrocyclic ionophores (bis­(octyloxy) calix[4]­arene-monocrown-6, calix[4]-bis-2,3-naptho-crown-6) , have been synthesized, but high cost of their synthesis and purification necessitates the need for exploring the methods which requires low ligand inventory. Other major disadvantage associated with the conventional separation methods (solvent extraction, ion exchange) is the generation of large amount of secondary waste.…”

Selective Adsorption of Rubidium onto a New 1,3-Alternate Calix[4]crown-5 Mesoporous Adsorbent with a Polar Carrier Containing Polyalkyl Ester

“…The experimental results obtained recently demonstrated that in the HNO 3 solution either Cs­(I) or Rb­(I) was complexed by macrocyclic calix[4]­arene-crown-6 derivatives through the host–guest molecular recognition and mostly formed a 1:1 type of the species [M I Calix­[4]­MonoC6]­NO 3 (M = Cs and Rb) for calix[4]­arene-monocrown-6 and a little 1:2 type of the species [M I Calix­[4]­BisC6]­NO 3 (M = Cs and Rb) for calix[4]­arene-bis (crown-6). − In addition, another kind of macrocyclic 18-crown-6 ether derivatives, such as 4,4′,(5′)-di­( tert -butylcyclohexano)-18-crown-6 (DtBuCH18C6), dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6), dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6), and cyclohexano-18-crown-6 (CH18C6), were found to protonate with HNO 3 and formed a 1:1 type of the associated species. − Based on the molecular structure and recognition characteristics of calix[4]­crown-6 and 18-crown-6-containing derivatives, the fact that these macrocyclic derivatives were associated with HNO 3 and formed a 1:1 type species was confirmed. This leads to effectively remove Cs­(I), one of the generators, by both SPEC and GPSC processes.…”