Solving the equivalent circuit of a planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell using Lambert W-function

Current-voltage curves of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells – Novel expressions based on Lambert W function and Special Trans Function Theory

“…These efficient light absorption materials are promising in solar cell manufacturing because they have high carrier mobilities and considerable charge diffusion lengths, making them highly acceptable for building solar cells [12] . For these reasons, nowadays, PSCs are among the highly efficient devices with more than 25% power conversion efficiency [13] , [14] . On the other side, it should be noted that high-efficiency PSCs should be fabricated under a controlled inert atmosphere because ambient atmosphere parameters such as water, light, air temperature, and others influence their stability [15] .…”

“…Mathematical modeling of current–voltage characteristics of equivalent PSC circuits is presented in [13] , [19] . In [19] , an equivalent circuit of PSCs with two series-connected diodes is given instead of the standard equivalent circuits of solar cells.…”

“…Additionally, I - U characteristics of PSCs expressed using Lambert’s W function are introduced in [13] . However, no analytical expressions were given for the short-circuit current and no-load voltage.…”

“…However, no analytical expressions were given for the short-circuit current and no-load voltage. Also, the authors in [13] calculated the ideal factor of solar cells starting from the fundamental I - U characteristic on a no-load operation only. The results comparing the characteristics obtained (short-circuit current, no-load voltage, fill factor and efficiency) were presented with no explanations for how values of the parameters were calculated.…”

“…In line with the conventional solar cells, PSCs are also characterized by nonlinearity of the current–voltage mathematical expression [13] , [19] , in which application of meta -heuristic methods is efficient in determining parameters of equivalent circuits of these cells. Hence, this paper proposes a hybrid algorithm for estimating parameters of equivalent PSCs circuits.…”